The Central Nervous System

Question 1

neuron

Answer 1

nerve cell

Question 2

soma

Answer 2

cell body containing the nucleus and most of the metabolic machinery (mitochonderia ; parts of the organism other than the reproductive cells

Question 3

dendrites

Answer 3

transmit electrical impulses to the the cell body; stimulated by environmental changes or the activities of the other cells

Question 4

axons

Answer 4

transmit electrical impulses away from the cell body; conducts nerve impulse (action potential) away from the soma

Question 5

synaptic terminals

Answer 5

affect another neuron or effector (muscle, gland, etc.)

Question 6

acetylcholine

Answer 6

neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic and somatic (voluntary) nervous systems

Question 7

norepinephrine

Answer 7

found in the synaptic terminals of sympathetic nerves

Question 8

meninges

Answer 8

membranes covering and protecting the brain and spinal cord; consist of pia mater, arachnoid membrane, and dura mater

Question 9

pia mater

Answer 9

Delicate innermost layer of the brain and spinal cord. Thin fibrous tissue that is impermeable to fluid. Allows blood vessels to pass through and nourish the brain.

Question 10

arachnoid membrane

Answer 10

middle layer of the 3 menings (membranes) that surround the brain and spinal cord. Weblike structure between the dura mater and pia mater.

Question 11

dura mater

Answer 11

outer most membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord

Question 12

subarachnoid space

Answer 12

space between the pia mater and the arachnoid membrane

Question 13

epidural space

Answer 13

space outside the dura mater

Question 14

subdural space

Answer 14

space between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane

Question 15

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 15

watery, clear fluid that acts as a cushion to protect these organs from physical impact

Question 16

brainstem

Answer 16

mesencephalon (midrain), pons, and the medulla oblongate

Question 17

cerebrum

Answer 17

*sensory and motor actions* / anterior and middle area of the cranium, containing 2 hemispheres joined by a structure called the corpus callosum

Question 18

diencephalon (interbrain)

Answer 18

*involuntary actions - temperature regulation, sleep, water balance, stress response, emotions* / covered by the cerebrum, inside are the thalamus, hypothalamus, and limbic system

Question 19

mesencephalon (midbrain)

Answer 19

*motor coordination and eye movement* / between the diencephalon and the pons

Question 20

pons

Answer 20

*contains connections between the brain and spinal cord* / between the mid-brain and the medulla oblongata

Question 21

medulla oblongata

Answer 21

*major centers for controlling respiration, cardiac activity, and vasomotor activity* / located between the pons and the spinal cord (marks the division between the spinal cord and the brain

Question 22

cerebellum

Answer 22

*fine motor movement, posture, equilibrium, and muscle tone* / located in the posterior fossa of the cranial cavity, consisting of 2 hemispheres closely related to the brainstem and higher centers

Question 23

speech

Answer 23

temporal lobe of the cerebrum

Question 24

vision

Answer 24

occipital cortex of the cerebrum

Question 25

personality

Answer 25

frontal lobes of the cerebrum

Question 26

balance & coordination

Answer 26

cerebellum

Question 27

sensory

Answer 27

parietal lobes of the cerebrum

Question 28

motor

Answer 28

frontal lobes of the cerebrum

Question 29

reticular activating system (RAS)

Answer 29

lateral portion of the medulla, pons, midbrain / sends impulses to and receives impulses from the cerebral cortex / diffuse system of interlacing nerve cells responsible from maintaining consciousness the ability to respond to stimuli

Question 30

circle of Willis

Answer 30

blood flow to the brain provided by two systems, carotid system (anterior) & vertebrobasilar system (posterior) and join at the circle of Willis before entering the structure of the brain

Question 31

afferent

Answer 31

sensory / fibers transmit impulses to the central nervous system from the body

Question 32

efferent

Answer 32

motor / fibers carry impulses from the central nervous system to the body

Question 33

dermatome

Answer 33

nerve root has a corresponding area of the skin which supplies sensation