Shock

Question 1

List late shock signs?

Answer 1

Loss of 30% to 40% total blood volume / Hypotension / Alerted Level of Consciousness

Question 2

Signs of neurogenic shock are…

Answer 2

Decrease in BP / Normal heart rate to bradycardia / Skin is typically warm, dry, and pink / Possible paralysis and sensory deficit / Priapism / Flat neck veins / Lack of chest wall movement /

Question 3

Signs of absolute hypovolemic (low-volume) shock are…

Answer 3

Tachycardia / Pallor / Flat neck veins

Question 4

Causes of absolute hypovolemic signs are…

Answer 4

Hemorrhage / Major fluid loss / Diarrhea & Vomiting / Third spacing due to burns / Peritonitis / #1 cause of preventable death from trauma

Question 5

Absolute Hypovolemic Pathophysiology

Answer 5

Major vessels signal adrenal glands and nerves of the sympathetic nervous system to secrete catecholamines causing vasoconstrictions to maintain perfusion to the brain and heart.

Question 6

Pathophysiology of Neurogenic Shock

Answer 6

No Catecholamine release

Question 7

List early shock signs?

Answer 7

Loss of 15% to 20% blood volume / Moderate tachycardia / Pallor / Narrowed pulse pressure / Thirst / Weakness / Delayed capillary refill

Question 8

What are the causes of mechanical (obstructive) shock?

Answer 8

It is a “pump” problem caused by myocardial contusion, MI, pericardial tamponade, tension pneumothorax, and/or massive pulmonary embolism.

Question 9

What is typically associated with, post-traumatic hemorrhage, EARLY shock?

Answer 9

Narrowed pulse pressure

Question 10

What is the most typical signs of early, neurogenic shock?

Answer 10

Decrease pulse, warm and dry skin

Question 11

Cardiogenic shock and myocardial infarction

Answer 11

Most often associated with large anterior infarction and/or loss of 40% or more of the left ventricle.