Trauma

Question 1

Cullins sign

Answer 1

Ecchymosis around the umbilicus, indicative of retroperitoneal hemorrhage.

Question 2

Grey Turners

Answer 2

sign Ecchymosis of the flanks indicating retroperitoneal hemorrhage

Question 3

Kehr’s sign

Answer 3

referred pain to the shoulder caused by blood irritating the diaphragm indicators of splenic injury

Question 4

Brown-Sequard syndrome

Answer 4

this set of signs and symptoms produced by hemitransection of the spinal cord

Question 5

Central cord syndrome

Answer 5

the set of signs and symptoms due to an injury to the center portion of this spinal cord usually occurs with hyperextension of the cervical spine

Question 6

Anterior cord syndrome

Answer 6

the set of signs and symptoms due to pressure or injury of the interior spinal cord such as from a bone fragment for compression of the blood vessels of the anterior spinal cord

Question 7

Arterial gas embolism (AGE)

Answer 7

A condition caused by barotrauma in which blood vessels are occluded by air bubbles

Question 8

Boyles law

Answer 8

A law of physics stating that at a constant temperature the volume of the gas varies Inversely with its pressure

Question 9

Charles Law

Answer 9

A law of physics stating that all gases expand equally when heated and contract when cooled

Question 10

Dalton’s law

Answer 10

A law of physics stating that the total pressure of a gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas that comprises the gaseous mixture

Question 11

Henry’s law

Answer 11

A law of physics stating that the solubility of a gas in a liquid at a particular temperature is proportional to the pressure of that gas above the liquid

Question 12

High altitude cerebral edema (HACE)

Answer 12

Is swelling of the brain tissue in response to a high altitude environment leading to an increase in intracranial pressure

Question 13

High altitude pulmonary Edema (HAPE)

Answer 13

An increase in long interstates jewels fluid (noncardiogenic pulmonary edema) that occurs at altitude of 2500 m or greater

Question 14

Nitrogen narcrosis

Answer 14

A diving emergency in which a state of stupor results from nitrogen’s effect on cerebral function also called rapture of the deep

Question 15

Thermogenesis

Answer 15

The process of generating heat

Question 16

thermolysis

Answer 16

The process of transferring heat from the body to their environment

Question 17

Thermoreceptors

Answer 17

Sensory nerve endings that monitor temperature within the body

Question 18

Thermoregulation

Answer 18

The process by which the body adjust its internal or core body temperature to maintain it within normal ranges

Question 19

Type I decompression sickness

Answer 19

A mild form of an illness resulting from rapid ascent from a dive

Question 20

Type II decompression sickness

Answer 20

A serious illness resulting from rapid ascent from a dive; Produces signs and symptoms of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems

Question 21

Law of inertia

Answer 21

Newton’s first law of motion, which states a body in motion remains in motion and a body at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by an outside force.

Question 22

Newton’s second law of motion

Answer 22

A law of physics that illustrates how forces are distributed during a collision

Question 23

Quaternary blast injury

Answer 23

The fourth phase of injuries that occur from a blast, such as contamination with biological or nuclear materials.

Question 24

Quinary blast injury

Answer 24

Category of blast injury resulting from a hyper inflammatory state caused by exposure to contaminants from a blast. Exposure may occur through direct contact with tissues, inhalation, or injection if projectiles that pierce the skin are contaminated. Contaminates that may result in quinary blast injury include chemicals, bacteria, and radiation

Question 25

Tertiary blast injury

Answer 25

trauma caused when a patient carried by the pressure waves oven explosion impacts the ground or surrounding structures

Question 26

Zone of coagulation

Answer 26

the area of a burn that is necrotic

Question 27

Zone of hyperemia

Answer 27

the outer most zone of a burn where an increase in blood flow causes edema to the tissues

Question 28

Zone of stasis

Answer 28

the area surrounding the zone of coagulation of a burn where blood flow is compromised but that may not become necrotic if blood flow is restored

Question 29

Coup-Contrecoup injuries

Answer 29

injuries resulting from the brain striking the inside of the school as it “Bounces” Back-and-forth after impact

Question 30

Cushing’s reflex

Answer 30

increasing blood pressure particularly the systolic blood pressure and decreasing heart rate

Question 31

Cushing’s triad

Answer 31

cushing’s reflex in combination with an irregular breathing pattern

Question 32

Le Fort criteria

Answer 32

criteria for classifying fractures of the midface

Question 33

Le Fort I fracture

Answer 33

breaks involving the maxilla only may result in slight instability and deformity

Question 34

Le Fort II fracture

Answer 34

breaks of the maxilla and nasal bones

Question 35

Le Fort III fracture

Answer 35

a complicated set of brakes of the facial bones that results in separation of the facial bones from the underlying cranium

Question 36

Becks Triad

Answer 36

The combination of jugular vein as distention hypotension and muffled heart sounds that compromise the classic signs and symptoms of pericardial tamponade