Trauma Flashcards
Cullins sign
Ecchymosis around the umbilicus, indicative of retroperitoneal hemorrhage.
Grey Turners
sign Ecchymosis of the flanks indicating retroperitoneal hemorrhage
Kehr’s sign
referred pain to the shoulder caused by blood irritating the diaphragm indicators of splenic injury
Brown-Sequard syndrome
this set of signs and symptoms produced by hemitransection of the spinal cord
Central cord syndrome
the set of signs and symptoms due to an injury to the center portion of this spinal cord usually occurs with hyperextension of the cervical spine
Anterior cord syndrome
the set of signs and symptoms due to pressure or injury of the interior spinal cord such as from a bone fragment for compression of the blood vessels of the anterior spinal cord
Arterial gas embolism (AGE)
A condition caused by barotrauma in which blood vessels are occluded by air bubbles
Boyles law
A law of physics stating that at a constant temperature the volume of the gas varies Inversely with its pressure
Charles Law
A law of physics stating that all gases expand equally when heated and contract when cooled
Dalton’s law
A law of physics stating that the total pressure of a gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas that comprises the gaseous mixture
Henry’s law
A law of physics stating that the solubility of a gas in a liquid at a particular temperature is proportional to the pressure of that gas above the liquid
High altitude cerebral edema (HACE)
Is swelling of the brain tissue in response to a high altitude environment leading to an increase in intracranial pressure
High altitude pulmonary Edema (HAPE)
An increase in long interstates jewels fluid (noncardiogenic pulmonary edema) that occurs at altitude of 2500 m or greater
Nitrogen narcrosis
A diving emergency in which a state of stupor results from nitrogen’s effect on cerebral function also called rapture of the deep
Thermogenesis
The process of generating heat
thermolysis
The process of transferring heat from the body to their environment
Thermoreceptors
Sensory nerve endings that monitor temperature within the body
Thermoregulation
The process by which the body adjust its internal or core body temperature to maintain it within normal ranges
Type I decompression sickness
A mild form of an illness resulting from rapid ascent from a dive
Type II decompression sickness
A serious illness resulting from rapid ascent from a dive; Produces signs and symptoms of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems
Law of inertia
Newton’s first law of motion, which states a body in motion remains in motion and a body at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by an outside force.
Newton’s second law of motion
A law of physics that illustrates how forces are distributed during a collision
Quaternary blast injury
The fourth phase of injuries that occur from a blast, such as contamination with biological or nuclear materials.
Quinary blast injury
Category of blast injury resulting from a hyper inflammatory state caused by exposure to contaminants from a blast. Exposure may occur through direct contact with tissues, inhalation, or injection if projectiles that pierce the skin are contaminated. Contaminates that may result in quinary blast injury include chemicals, bacteria, and radiation
Tertiary blast injury
trauma caused when a patient carried by the pressure waves oven explosion impacts the ground or surrounding structures
Zone of coagulation
the area of a burn that is necrotic
Zone of hyperemia
the outer most zone of a burn where an increase in blood flow causes edema to the tissues
Zone of stasis
the area surrounding the zone of coagulation of a burn where blood flow is compromised but that may not become necrotic if blood flow is restored
Coup-Contrecoup injuries
injuries resulting from the brain striking the inside of the school as it “Bounces” Back-and-forth after impact
Cushing’s reflex
increasing blood pressure particularly the systolic blood pressure and decreasing heart rate
Cushing’s triad
cushing’s reflex in combination with an irregular breathing pattern
Le Fort criteria
criteria for classifying fractures of the midface
Le Fort I fracture
breaks involving the maxilla only may result in slight instability and deformity
Le Fort II fracture
breaks of the maxilla and nasal bones
Le Fort III fracture
a complicated set of brakes of the facial bones that results in separation of the facial bones from the underlying cranium
Becks Triad
The combination of jugular vein as distention hypotension and muffled heart sounds that compromise the classic signs and symptoms of pericardial tamponade
