Pearson chapter 26

Question 1

Anemia

Answer 1

conditions in which there is a decreased number of red blood cells or total blood cell volume

Question 2

Clotting cascade

Answer 2

a complex series of events by which proteins in the blood are activated, leading to formation of a fibrin blood clot

Question 3

Coagulopathies

Answer 3

defects in blood clotting with either inadequate or excessive blood clotting

Question 4

Epistaxis

Answer 4

bleeding from the nose

Question 5

Erythropoietin

Answer 5

a hormone released, primarily from the kidneys, in response to hypoxia to stimulate bone marrow to increase red blood cell production

Question 6

Fibrin

Answer 6

insoluble protein fibers that form the structure of blood clots

Question 7

Hematoma

Answer 7

a collection of blood in the tissues causing swelling

Question 8

Hemophilia

Answer 8

conditions characterized by a predisposition toward excessive or uncontrolled bleeding

Question 9

Lymphadenopathy

Answer 9

a swelling of the lymph nodes

Question 10

Pathologic fracture

Answer 10

a bone that is broken with little force because of a diseased state of the bone

Question 11

Petechiae

Answer 11

pinpoint hemorrhages in the skin

Question 12

Purpura

Answer 12

small, blotchy areas of hemorrhage (greater than 3 mm in diameter) in the skin

Question 13

Hematocrit

Answer 13

Measure of percentage of blood volume composed
of formed elements

Question 14

Hemoglobin

Answer 14

Iron-containing protein that carries oxygen and
carbon dioxide within RBCs

Question 15

Sickle cell disease

Answer 15

Genetic disorder
– Common in people of African, Mediterranean, Middle
Eastern, Caribbean, and South and Central American
origin or descent.
– RBCs take on abnormal curved (sickle-shaped)
appearance.
– RBCs live only 10 to 20 days.

Question 16

Leukemia

Answer 16

Cancer causes bone marrow to rapidly produce large
numbers of abnormal WBCs.
– Crowd out normal cells, resulting in anemia, bleeding,
infection

Question 17

Lymphoma

Answer 17

Cancers of lymphocytes (B or T lymphocytes)
localized to lymph nodes
– Either Hodgkin’s or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
– Survival rate for Hodgkin’s lymphoma very high;
relatively high for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

Question 18

Multiple myeloma

Answer 18

– Cancer of cells in bone marrow
– Abnormal cells multiply and crowd out normal cells.
– Decreased production of blood cells; results in
pathologic fracture of affected bone

Question 19

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 19

Low number of platelets

Question 20

Thrombocytosis

Answer 20

Increased platelet count results in risks for
bleeding and clotting