Pearson chapter 24

Question 1

anorexia

Answer 1

A loss of appetite.

Question 2

bile

Answer 2

Digestive fluid excreted from the liver into the duodenum to emulsify fats. Excess bile is stored in the gallbladder

Question 3

cholecystitis

Answer 3

Inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly due to gallstones (cholelithiasis).

Question 4

chyme

Answer 4

The mixture of partially digested food and digestive fluids that leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum

Question 5

cirrhosis

Answer 5

Fibrotic scarring of the liver from chronic lever disease such as hepatitis or alcohol abuse.

Question 6

colostomy

Answer 6

An opening on the surface of the abdomen to which the cut end of the colon is surgically connected to bypass the distal portion of the colon, which may have been removed surgically or may be healing from a surgical procedure. Fecal matter is collected in a pouch called a colostomy bag.

Question 7

diverticulitis

Answer 7

Infection and inflammation of a diverticulum, a blind pocket that protrudes from the wall of the colon.

Question 8

emesis

Answer 8

The product of vomiting; vomit.

Question 9

esophageal varices

Answer 9

Distended, varicose veins in the esophagus due to portal vein hypertension.

Question 10

hematemesis

Answer 10

Vomiting blood, either fresh or partially digested.

Question 11

hematochezia

Answer 11

Bloody stool.

Question 12

hepatitis

Answer 12

Inflammation of the liver, either infectious or noninfectious.

Question 13

hiatal hernia

Answer 13

Condition in which the stomach slides through the diaphragmatic hiatus (opening that allows the esophagus to pass through) into the thoracic cavity

Question 14

intussusception

Answer 14

A telescoping of part of the bowel over itself.

Question 15

Mallory-Weiss tear

Answer 15

Laceration of the esophageal mucosa at the junction of the stomach and esophagus, usually due to forceful vomiting.

Question 16

melena

Answer 16

Black, tarry stool due to the presence of blood exposed to digestive juices

Question 17

occult

Answer 17

Hidden; not obvious.

Question 18

pepsin

Answer 18

A powerful digestive enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins.

Question 19

peptic ulcer

Answer 19

Erosion of the gastric or duodenal mucosa.

Question 20

peristalsis

Answer 20

Rhythmic smooth muscle contractions that propel the contents of hollow, tubular organs forward

Question 21

peritonitis

Answer 21

Irritation and inflammation of the peritoneal lining.

Question 22

portal hypertension

Answer 22

Increased pressure throughout the portal venous system of the digestive tract as a result of liver disease

Question 23

volvulus

Answer 23

Twisting of a loop of bowel around itself, cutting off circulation to the affected area