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IGCSE Biology > Transport in Animals > Flashcards

Transport in Animals Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of valves?

A

To allow a liquid to only flow in one direction

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2
Q

What is the difference between a DOUBLE and SINGLE circulatory system?

A

In a double circulatory system

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3
Q

Which blood vessel delivers oxygenated blood to the body from the left ventricle?

A

The aorta

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4
Q

Which blood vessel delivers deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the right ventricle?

A

The pulmonary artery

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5
Q

Which blood vessels delivers deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from the body?

A

The venae cavae (vena cava = singular)

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6
Q

Which blood vessel delivers oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?

A

The pulmonary veins

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7
Q

What are the atria?

A

Thin-walled chambers at the top of the heart

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8
Q

What are the ventricles?

A

Thick-walled chambers at the bottom of the heart

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9
Q

What is the septum?

A

A wall that separates the right and left chambers of the heart.

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10
Q

What is the atrioventricular valve?

A

The valve between the atrium and ventricle, which allows blood to flow only from the atrium to the ventricle.

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11
Q

What is the semilunar valve?

A

Valves at the entrances of the aorta and pulmonary artery, preventing back flow into the ventricles.

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12
Q

Which type of blood vessels delivers blood to the heart?

A

Veins

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13
Q

Which type of blood vessels delivers blood away from heart?

A

Arteries

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14
Q

What are the coronary arteries?

A

Arteries that deliver oxygenated blood to the heart muscle

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15
Q

What is Coronary Heart Disease?

A

A disease caused by blockage in the coronary arteries

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16
Q

What is the full process of circulation in the left chambers of the heart?

A
  • Oxygenated blood enters left atrium from lungs via pulmonary vein.
  • Blood passes through the atrioventricular valve into the left ventricle.
  • Blood flows through semilunar valve into the aorta, heading to the body.
17
Q

What is the full process of circulation in the right chambers of the heart?

A

-Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium from body via the Venae Cavae
-Blood enters right ventricle through atrioventricular valves.
-Blood leaves towards lungs through semilunar valve and via pulmonary artery.

18
Q

What are veins?

A

Vessels with a large lumen and a thin outer wall, with valves to prevent back flow

19
Q

What are arteries

A

Vessels with a narrow lumen with thick and strong muscular walls that increase blood pressure to keep blood flowing.

20
Q

Which measure pushes blood through the body?

A

The heart beat

21
Q

What is a capillary?

A

A very small blood vessel with a wall one cell thick

22
Q

What are the renal vein and renal artery?

A

The vessels that take blood to/away the kidney

23
Q

What are the hepatic vein and hepatic artery?

A

The vessels that take blood to/away the liver.

24
Q

What is plasma?

A

The liquid part of blood

25
Q

What are red blood cells?

A

Biconcave cells without nucleus that transport oxygen

26
Q

What are white blood cells?

A

Cells with a nucleus which help defend against pathogens

27
Q

What are platelets?

A

Cell fragments that help with blood clotting

28
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

A protein that binds to oxygen to create oxyhemoglobin, to transport oxygen to body cells

29
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

Engulfing pathogens and digesting them with enzymes

30
Q

What are phagocytes?

A

White blood cells that destroy pathogens by digesting them

31
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

White blood cells that secrete antibodies, which bind to pathogens to make them visible to phagocytes

32
Q

What is fibrinogen?

A

A soluble protein in blood plasma, that form fibrin when a blood vessel is damaged

IGCSE Biology (20 decks)

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