Transport in Animals Flashcards
What is the function of valves?
To allow a liquid to only flow in one direction
What is the difference between a DOUBLE and SINGLE circulatory system?
In a double circulatory system
Which blood vessel delivers oxygenated blood to the body from the left ventricle?
The aorta
Which blood vessel delivers deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the right ventricle?
The pulmonary artery
Which blood vessels delivers deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from the body?
The venae cavae (vena cava = singular)
Which blood vessel delivers oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?
The pulmonary veins
What are the atria?
Thin-walled chambers at the top of the heart
What are the ventricles?
Thick-walled chambers at the bottom of the heart
What is the septum?
A wall that separates the right and left chambers of the heart.
What is the atrioventricular valve?
The valve between the atrium and ventricle, which allows blood to flow only from the atrium to the ventricle.
What is the semilunar valve?
Valves at the entrances of the aorta and pulmonary artery, preventing back flow into the ventricles.
Which type of blood vessels delivers blood to the heart?
Veins
Which type of blood vessels delivers blood away from heart?
Arteries
What are the coronary arteries?
Arteries that deliver oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
What is Coronary Heart Disease?
A disease caused by blockage in the coronary arteries
What is the full process of circulation in the left chambers of the heart?
- Oxygenated blood enters left atrium from lungs via pulmonary vein.
- Blood passes through the atrioventricular valve into the left ventricle.
- Blood flows through semilunar valve into the aorta, heading to the body.
What is the full process of circulation in the right chambers of the heart?
-Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium from body via the Venae Cavae
-Blood enters right ventricle through atrioventricular valves.
-Blood leaves towards lungs through semilunar valve and via pulmonary artery.
What are veins?
Vessels with a large lumen and a thin outer wall, with valves to prevent back flow
What are arteries
Vessels with a narrow lumen with thick and strong muscular walls that increase blood pressure to keep blood flowing.
Which measure pushes blood through the body?
The heart beat
What is a capillary?
A very small blood vessel with a wall one cell thick
What are the renal vein and renal artery?
The vessels that take blood to/away the kidney
What are the hepatic vein and hepatic artery?
The vessels that take blood to/away the liver.
What is plasma?
The liquid part of blood
What are red blood cells?
Biconcave cells without nucleus that transport oxygen
What are white blood cells?
Cells with a nucleus which help defend against pathogens
What are platelets?
Cell fragments that help with blood clotting
What is hemoglobin?
A protein that binds to oxygen to create oxyhemoglobin, to transport oxygen to body cells
What is phagocytosis?
Engulfing pathogens and digesting them with enzymes
What are phagocytes?
White blood cells that destroy pathogens by digesting them
What are lymphocytes?
White blood cells that secrete antibodies, which bind to pathogens to make them visible to phagocytes
What is fibrinogen?
A soluble protein in blood plasma, that form fibrin when a blood vessel is damaged
