Biological Molecules Flashcards
What are carbohydrates made of
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (C, H, O)
What are the most common carbohydrates?
Glucose (Sugars), Starch, Cellulose
What is the formula of glucose (higher level)
C6H12O6
What is the function of glucose
It is used in respiration to release energy
What is the chemical test for glucose
Benedict’s solution heated
What are the positive and negative results of the benedict’s solution test
Positive: Turns Orange/Red Negative: Stays Blue
What is starch made of
MANY glucose molecules
What is the function of starch
Stores energy in plant cells
What is the chemical test for starch
Iodine Solution
What are the positive and negative results of the Iodine solution test
Positive: Turns blue/black Negative: Stays red/orange
What is another term commonly used for glucose or simple sugars made of glucose
reducing sugars
What is glycogen made of
MANY molecules of glucose
What is the function of glycogen
Stores energy in animal cells
What substances are lipids made of
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (C, H, O)
What is the difference between the two types of lipids (fats and oils)
Fats are solids at room temperature, whereas oils are liquids at room temperature.
What are fat molecules made of (higher level)
3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule
What is the chemical test for lipids
Ethanol emulsion test
What are the positive/negative results for the ethanol emulsion test
Positive: Turns milky white Negative: Stays colorless
What are proteins made of (higher level)
A molecule of many amino acids linked together
What is the function of a protein based on
The sequence of the amino acids
What substances are proteins made of
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen (C, H, O, N)
What is the chemical test for proteins
Biuret Solution
What are the positive/negative results for the biuret solution test
Positive: Turns purple Negative: Stays blue
What are pathogens
Microogranisms that cause disease (bacteria, viruses, etc.)
What are antibodies and their function
Molecules made by white blood cells, binding to pathogens to help destroy them
What are nucleotides
Molecules linked together in long chains to make a DNA molecule
What is a base and what are the four bases
A component of DNA, (A, C, G, T)
What is the function of bases
Their sequence determines what proteins are made in the cell
Which bases always pair up with each other
A with T and C with G
What is the shape of DNA (higher level)
A double-helix
What is the chemical test for vitamin C
DCPIP (purple)
How is a test carried out for vitamin C
Measure how many drops of DCPIP it takes to decolorise the DCPIP. The faster it loses its color, the more vitamin C is present
