Reproduction in Plants Flashcards
Define asexual reproduction
The process by which one parent creates a genetically identical offspring to itself
Define sexual reproduction
The process by which two parents create genetically different offspring
How do potatoes undergo asexual reproduction
Tubers form underground (potatoes)
These tubers have buds, which grow shoots.
Next year, these shoots grow into new plants altogether
What is a gamete?
A sex cell, with half the chromosomes of a body cell of the same organism
What is fertilisation?
The fusion of two gametes to form a zygote, which has double the chromosomes of each gamete
What is the difference between diploids and haploids?
Haploids have only one set of chromosomes. Diploids have two.
What is mitosis?
The process by which a cell nucleus divides to create 2 genetically identical copies of itself.
Define Meiosis
The process by which a cell nucleus divides to create 4 genetically different haploid nuclei.
Fill in the blanks to label this flower diagram
https://dryuc24b85zbr.cloudfront.net/tes/resources/12884018/image?width=500&height=500&version=1730289371826
What is a sepal?
Leaf-like structures that form a ring outside petals of flower
What are stamens
The male part of a flower
What are the two parts of the stamen?
The stalk (filament) and the pollen producing part (anther)
What is the carpel?
The female part of a flower
What are the four parts of the carpel?
From bottom to top:
Ovule - Small structure containing the female gametes
Ovary - structure holding the ovules
Style - The stalk of the carpel
Stigma - The part that receives pollen
What is a petal?
A coloured structure, used to attract insects to the flower
How is pollen made by the anther?
Pollen sacs contain developing pollen
Once it is ready, they burst
How is pollen received in the carpel?
The stigma receives the pollen
Pollen grain germinates, growing a single pollen tube down into the ovary of the flower.
The pollen grain fertilises one of many female gametes
What is a micropyle?
the outer part of the ovule that a pollen tube must reach to fertilise a female gamete
(Triple Award) What is self-pollination
The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma on the same flower / different flower on same plant
(Triple Award) What is cross-pollination
The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma on a different flower
What are the conditions required for most plant seeds to germinate
Warmth
Water
Oxygen
(Triple Award) What are the advantages of asexual reproduction
Offspring will be genetically identical and may have favourable characteristics
A single organism can reproduce on its own
(Triple Award) What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction
Plants will be genetically identical, and can be wiped out easily by a single disease.
If the plants have limited room to grow, it may be too crowded for them.
(Triple Award) What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?
Plants have genetic variation, meaning they are less prone to local extinction
Seeds can be dispersed far and wide
(Triple Award) What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction?
There may be little plants of the same species around, resulting in unsuccessful pollination
Relies on another organism to reproduce
(Triple Award) What are the advantages and disadvantages of self-pollination VS cross-pollination?
Same effect on variation as asexual vs sexual reproduction, but to a lesser effect
(Cross-pollination leads to more genetic variation, but self-pollination ALSO has some)
