Reproduction in Plants

Question 1

Define asexual reproduction

Answer 1

The process by which one parent creates a genetically identical offspring to itself

Question 2

Define sexual reproduction

Answer 2

The process by which two parents create genetically different offspring

Question 3

How do potatoes undergo asexual reproduction

Answer 3

Tubers form underground (potatoes)
These tubers have buds, which grow shoots.
Next year, these shoots grow into new plants altogether

Question 4

What is a gamete?

Answer 4

A sex cell, with half the chromosomes of a body cell of the same organism

Question 5

What is fertilisation?

Answer 5

The fusion of two gametes to form a zygote, which has double the chromosomes of each gamete

Question 6

What is the difference between diploids and haploids?

Answer 6

Haploids have only one set of chromosomes. Diploids have two.

Question 7

What is mitosis?

Answer 7

The process by which a cell nucleus divides to create 2 genetically identical copies of itself.

Question 8

Define Meiosis

Answer 8

The process by which a cell nucleus divides to create 4 genetically different haploid nuclei.

Question 9

Fill in the blanks to label this flower diagram

Answer 9

https://dryuc24b85zbr.cloudfront.net/tes/resources/12884018/image?width=500&height=500&version=1730289371826

Question 10

What is a sepal?

Answer 10

Leaf-like structures that form a ring outside petals of flower

Question 11

What are stamens

Answer 11

The male part of a flower

Question 12

What are the two parts of the stamen?

Answer 12

The stalk (filament) and the pollen producing part (anther)

Question 13

What is the carpel?

Answer 13

The female part of a flower

Question 14

What are the four parts of the carpel?

Answer 14

From bottom to top:
Ovule - Small structure containing the female gametes
Ovary - structure holding the ovules
Style - The stalk of the carpel
Stigma - The part that receives pollen

Question 15

What is a petal?

Answer 15

A coloured structure, used to attract insects to the flower

Question 16

How is pollen made by the anther?

Answer 16

Pollen sacs contain developing pollen
Once it is ready, they burst

Question 17

How is pollen received in the carpel?

Answer 17

The stigma receives the pollen
Pollen grain germinates, growing a single pollen tube down into the ovary of the flower.
The pollen grain fertilises one of many female gametes

Question 18

What is a micropyle?

Answer 18

the outer part of the ovule that a pollen tube must reach to fertilise a female gamete

Question 19

(Triple Award) What is self-pollination

Answer 19

The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma on the same flower / different flower on same plant

Question 20

(Triple Award) What is cross-pollination

Answer 20

The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma on a different flower

Question 21

What are the conditions required for most plant seeds to germinate

Answer 21

Warmth
Water
Oxygen

Question 22

(Triple Award) What are the advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 22

Offspring will be genetically identical and may have favourable characteristics
A single organism can reproduce on its own

Question 23

(Triple Award) What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 23

Plants will be genetically identical, and can be wiped out easily by a single disease.
If the plants have limited room to grow, it may be too crowded for them.

Question 24

(Triple Award) What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 24

Plants have genetic variation, meaning they are less prone to local extinction
Seeds can be dispersed far and wide

Question 25

(Triple Award) What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 25

There may be little plants of the same species around, resulting in unsuccessful pollination
Relies on another organism to reproduce

Question 26

(Triple Award) What are the advantages and disadvantages of self-pollination VS cross-pollination?

Answer 26

Same effect on variation as asexual vs sexual reproduction, but to a lesser effect
(Cross-pollination leads to more genetic variation, but self-pollination ALSO has some)