Disease and Immunity Flashcards
What is infection?
When a pathogen enters the body
What is a disease?
When the infection’s symptoms show
What are some ways the body has to prevent pathogens from entering the body?
- Taste and Smell Receptors that signal something foreign.
- Skin
- Mucus in airways that trap bacteria
- HCl in the stomach
- Blood clots in case of a wound
What is cholera?
A disease that releases a toxin which causes release of Cl- ions.
This causes water to move into lumen of alimentary canal (from blood capillary) via osmosis.
There is now
What is the problem with too much water in the alimentary canal?
Diarrhea and deadly dehydration (not enough water in blood)
What is an antigen?
A chemical deemed foreign by the body, causing the production of antibodies
What are memory cells?
Long-living cells that remember antigens, and can produce antibodies quicker if a person is infected by the SAME pathogen again
What is a vaccine?
An injection of dead/harmless pathogens or their antigens into the blood to develop immunity via memory cells
What is passive immunity?
Short-term defense against pathogens by antibodies acquired from another person
i.e. mother to infant by breastfeeding
What is active immunity?
Long-term defense against a pathogen by antibody production
