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IGCSE Biology > Respiration and Gas Exchange > Flashcards

Respiration and Gas Exchange Flashcards

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1
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

When Glucose and Oxygen is converted into Carbon Dioxide and Water, to make ATP (energy)

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2
Q

What is the balanced equation for aerobic respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

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3
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?

A

glucose -> alcohol + carbondioxide

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4
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in humans?

A

glucose -> lactic acid

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5
Q

Define Gas Exchange

A

Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of an organism’s body

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6
Q

What are alveoli?

A

Air-filled sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs

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7
Q

What is the trachea?

A

Tube through which air travels into lungs

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8
Q

What are goblet cells?

A

Cells found in lining (epithelium) of respiratory passages, which secrete mucus

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9
Q

What are cilia?

A

Tiny projections from some of the cells in the lining of respiratory passages, to increase surface area.

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10
Q

What is the process of ventilation?

A

Oxygen enters trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles
Oxygen reaches alveoli, where it oxygenises blood in capillaries

Carbon dioxide diffuses out of capillaries into alveoli
Carbon dioxide is exhaled through bronchioles -> bronchi -> trachea

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11
Q

What is the percentage of oxygen and carbon dioxide in inspired air (air you breathe in)

A

Oxygen - 21%
Carbon Dioxide - 0.04%

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12
Q

What is the percentage of oxygen in expired air (air you breathe out)

A

Oxygen - 16%
Carbon Dioxide - 4%
Water Vapour

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13
Q

What is the relationship between water vapour levels in inspired VS expired air?

A

Much higher in expired air

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14
Q

Which muscles are used in ventilation?

A

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles

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15
Q

What does the diaphragm do in inspiration? (breathing in)

A

The diaphragm relaxes and lowers, so the volume of the lungs increases.

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16
Q

What does the diaphragm do in expiration (breathing out)

A

The diaphragm contracts, springing up, so the volume of the lungs decreases

17
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

In intense exercise, all oxygen is used up and the body switches to anaerobic respiration. It then has to regain the oxygen lost after the end of the exercise, which is why we breathe heavily during/after intense exercise

IGCSE Biology (20 decks)

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