Translocation Flashcards

1
Q

What is translocation?

A

Transport of amino acids + sucrose + soluble organic material through phloem (made of many cells/phloem tissue). Via the process of active transport.

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2
Q

What are some examples of sources?

A

Leaf
Germinating seeds

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3
Q

What are some examples of sinks?

A

Growing roots
Bulb/Tuber
Flowers (Anther + Ovary)
Seed

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4
Q

What are the four types of cells in phloem?

A

Sieve tubes
Companion cells
Phloem fibers
Phloem Phloem parendym

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5
Q

What are the qualities of sieve tubes?

A

No nucleus nor ribosomes nor Golgi nor cytoplasm nor mitochondria nor ER.
Made of sieve elements
End wall perforated with pores to make sieve plates.

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6
Q

What are the qualities of companion cells?

A

Lots of mitochondria + ribosome = metabolically active
Linked via plasmodesmata to sieve elements.

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7
Q

Evidence to support Mass Flow hypothesis

A

Solution under pressure.
Evidence for concentration gradient.
Observation of sieve tubes.
Movement of virus through plant.
No movement of virus when no photosynthesis.

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8
Q

Evidence against Mass Flow hypothesis

A

Get the impression of steady flow, this is wrong.
Certain things move different ways.

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9
Q

The mass flow theory

A

Sucrose loaded from source (leaf) into phloem
by transfer cells (modified parenchyma) which
have folded inner walls to increase SA

Active transport sucrose into sieve tubes

Sucrose too large to diffuse out

At sink (roots) sucrose actively pumped out by
transfer cells into tissues

Sucrose used in sink tissues

Xylem transports water up to leaves

Water moves by osmosis into phloem in
leaves

Increases hydrostatic pressure in phloem

Mass flow fluid in phloem along hydrostatic
gradient

In roots, water moves from phloem back to
xylem

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10
Q

What are the Alternative theories for translocation?

A

Active process may be involved

Streaming of cytoplasm may be responsible
for movement in two directions but need
method to cross sieve plates

Protein filaments passing through sieve plates
may transport solutes

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11
Q

What are the qualities Radioactive tracing?

A

Introduce labelled metabolite

Direct sampling of individual sieve tubes using
mouth parts of aphids as micropipette

Demonstrated that translocation too rapid to
be diffusion

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12
Q

What are the qualities for Radioisotope labelling

A

Labelled carbon dioxide supplied to
illuminated plant leaf

Radioactive carbon fixed into sugars

Radioactive carbon traced to other parts of
plant by placing on photographic film

Sugars move up and down

Only phloem involved

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