Proteins and there structure Flashcards
What three functional groups form an amino acid?
An Amine group, a carboxylic acid group, and a residual group
What can incorrect folding of protiens cause
It can cause many diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s
How many different types of R group are there
20
How do amino acids form
Di-polypeptides
They form together via a condensation reaction, and are held together by peptide bonds
What is the primary structure of Amino acids
This is a long line in which the order of the ‘R’ group is determines by your DNA, these sequences are joined toghther via peptide bonds to form POly peptides
How do secondary structures of protein form with polypeptides
Hydrogen bonding occurs within the polypeptide causing a secondary structure which can either be an alpha helix or a beta pleated sheet
How does a tertiary structure form with polypeptides
More Hydrogen bonding occurs
Ionic bonding between charged R groups
Di sulphide bonds (two sulphur molecules)
This causes a 3D structure to form
How does a quaternary structure form?
This occurs when there is more than one polypeptide chain, like collagen or haemoglobin.
What are the properties of Fibrous proteins like?
Linear,
Insoluble,
Structural (bones/hair)
Repetitive amino acid sequence
Not conjugated
Unreactive
Strong
What are the properties of Globular proteins like?
Soluble 3D ball
Metabolic (Enzymes)
Unique amino acid sequence
May be conjugated
Reactive
Weak
What are the properties for human insulin
Quaternary structure
With two polypeptide chains
Globular protein
And its purpose is to bind to cell surface receptors to allow or the uptake of glucose
What are the properties for Pepsin
Tertiary structure
Few ‘basic’ R groups
Globular protein
And its purpose is for digesting proteins
What are the properties for Haemoglobin
It has a quaternary and conjugated structure
Four polypeptide chains each with each with a haemoglobin group
Globular protein
It’s use is for transporting O2 an CO2
What are the properties and uses for Collagen
Tertiary structure
Fibrous protein
And its used for mechanical strength
What are the properties and uses for Elastin
Secondary/Tertiary structure
Fibrous protein
Used for skin (strong and elastic)
