Cell Organelles Flashcards
What is the function of the Cell-surface membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer with proteins and cholesterol embedded within it. Glycolipids and glycoproteins in the surface. The fluid-mosaic model of the membrane refers to the fluidity and range of molecules in the membrane. Cholesterol provides strength and reduces fluidity, proteins are for transport, and the glycoproteins and glycolipids are for cell recognition and act as receptors.
What is the function of the Nucleus?
Surrounded by a double membrane nuclear envelope with nuclear pores. Containing chromosomes, consisting of protein-bound, linear DNA, and one or more nucleolus Nucleolus is the site of rRNA production and makes ribosomes. DNA replication and transcription occur in the nucleus.
What is the function of the Mitochondria?
Double membrane organelle. The inner membrane is folded to form cristae. Contains a fluid centre called the matrix. Site of aerobic respiration and ATP production.
What is the function of the Chloroplasts.
Chloroplasts Surrounded by a double membrane. Contains thylakoids, which are folded membranes containing chlorophyll pigments. Contains a fluid centre, the stroma. The site of photosynthesis. The stroma contains enzymes for the light-independent stage of photosynthesis.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus and Golgi vesicles?
Stacks of membranes creating flattened sacs called cisternae, surrounded by small round hollow vesicles. Proteins and lipids are modified here. Carbohydrates can be added to proteins to form glycoproteins. Finished products are transported in the Golgi vesicles.
What is the function of the Lysosomes?
Formed when the Golgi apparatus contains hydrolytic enzymes. A type of Golgi vesicle that releases lysozymes.
What is the function of the Ribosomes?
Small granules in cells made of protein and rRNA. Made up of a small and large subunit. 80s in size in eukaryotes. The site of translation in protein synthesis
What is the function of the Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
Sheets of membranes linked to the nucleus. The membranes form a network of cisternae - a network of tubules and flattened sacs. The RER has ribosomes on the outer surface. RER - site of protein synthesis and glycoprotein synthesis. The proteins can then be transported through the RER. SER – create, store, and transport lipids and carbohydrates.
What is the function of the Cell wall?
Found in plants, algae, and fungi. Consists of polysaccharides, cellulose in plants and chitin in fungi. There is a thin boundary layer between adjacent cells called the middle lamella. Provides structural strength to cells and prevents cells from bursting when water enters by osmosis.
What is the function of the Cell vacuole?
Found in plants. A single membrane sac filled with fluid containing salts, sugars, and amino acids. The membrane around a cell vacuole is called the tonoplast. To provide support to a cell, store amino acids and sugars, and can contain pigments to attract pollinators.
What is the function of the Cytoskeleton?
Cytoskeleton Found within the cytoplasm all over a cell. Provides mechanical strength to cells, helps with transport within cells, and allows cell movement. Many organelles are bound to the cytoskeleton.
What is the function of the flagellum
Flagella help the cell move. Flagella also have microtubules inside of it like cilia, which contract to help the flagella move. This type of movement propels the cell and allow it to be motile.
What is the function of the cillia
Motile cilia can move due to the activity of the microtubules inside it. This type of cilia help substances to move along the surface of cell membranes e.g. respiratory cilia help waft mucus along the respiratory tract.
Do electron or light microscopes have a higher resolution?
Electron
