Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an enzyme

A

It is a biological catalyst that speeds up rate of reaction.

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2
Q

What is a catabolic reaction

A

Breakdown, Substrate -> Protein

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3
Q

What is an anabolic reaction

A

Build up, Substate(s) -> Protein

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4
Q

What does the lock and key model suggest

A

The active site of an enzyme is extremally specific and so can only fit very specific substrates

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5
Q

What does the induced fit model suggest

A

The enzymes structure is flexible and so the active sites shape adjusts to the shape of the substrate.

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6
Q

What is the order for the reaction in an active site

A

Enzyme and substrate -> Enzyme-substate complex -> Enzyme-Product complex -> Enzyme and product

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7
Q

What is metabolism

A

group of biochemical processes that take place inside a cell, both anabolism and catabolism can occur.

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8
Q

How can pH effect enzyme activity

A

Incorrect amount of H bonds, breaks tertiary bonds
Changing shape of the active site
Substrate unable to fit
ESC cannot form
Less reactions take place (none)
No products form

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8
Q

What is catabolism

A

breaks complex structures releasing energy

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9
Q

What is anabolism

A

builds complex structures using energy

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10
Q

How can temperature effect enzyme activity

A

Extra kinetic energy breaks tertiary bonds
Changing shape of the active site
Substrate unable to fit
ESC cannot form
Less reactions take place (none)
No products form

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11
Q

What factors effect enzyme activity

A

Temperature
Concentration of Enzymes
Concentration of substance
pH

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12
Q

What is ATP

A

Adenine triphosphate
Energy currency of the sell
One base one sugar and three phosphate groups
Breaks the strong bond between the second and third phosphate group to release energy
Doesn’t form chains

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13
Q

What is ADP

A

Adenine diphosphate
One sugar one base and two phosphate groups
Can gain a phosphate group in order to store energy
Doesn’t form chains

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14
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that resynthesises ATP during respiration or photosynthesis?

A

ATP Synthase

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15
Q

What is an prosthetic group?

A

A non amino acid-, Tightly bound permanent part of an enzyme,
E.g. Fe2+ in haem groups

16
Q

What are Coenzymes?

A

Organic molecules (usually vitamins) which are transient, they bring substrates to the enzyme,
E.g. NAP and NADP

17
Q

What are co-factors?

A

They are inorganic molecules (like minerals) which are transient,
E.g. Cl- in amylase

18
Q

What are the three ways an Apo-enzyme (inactive) can be activated to become a holoenzyme?

A

By another enzyme
Cofactors
Change in pH or Temp

19
Q

What prosthetic group is Zn2+ in?

A

Zn2+ as a prosthetic group for carbonic anhydrase and vitamins