Disease Flashcards
What is a communicable disease
Communicable diseases are caused by an other organism that infects an other
What is an infectious disease?
An infectious disease is a disease resulting from infection of a host organism by a pathogen, a disease-causing organism.
What are the two shapes bacteria can be classified into?
Basic shape and cell wall
What are the two types of bacteria by cell wall?
Gram positive and Gram negative
What color do Gram Positive Bacteria Appear under a microscope
Gram Positive Bacteria
Appear blue-purple under a microscope after gram staining
What color do Gram Negative Bacteria appear under a microscope
Gram Negative Bacteria
Appear red under a microscope after gram staining e.g. E.coil (Escherichia coli)
What are viruses?
Viruses are non-living infectious agents.
How do viruses infect cells?
Viruses infect cells by inserting its own RNA into the DNA of a cell.
What are saprophytes?
saprophytes – they live of dead decaying matter
What is reproduction number?
It is the average number of people who become infected from one infected person/
What is ease of transmission?
It refers to how easy it is to catch a disease.
What are the two ways pathogens can affect organisms?
Pathogens will often damage tissues or produce toxins
What types of pathogens destroy or damage tissue and how so?
Viruses – takes over cellular metabolism. Viral genetic material is inserted into the genetic material of the host cell. The host cell then makes more viruses which then burst out of the cell destroying it.
Protista – they take over a cell, digest the insides and use this as a medium to reproduce, before bursting out.
Fungi – digest and destroy living cells
What types of pathogens produce toxins inorder to infect organisms and how so?
Most pathogenic bacteria will produce a toxin, which is a poison. This toxin damages the cells of the host organism, often by breaking down the plasma membrane or inactivating enzymes
Some fungi also produce toxins
Characteristics of Tuberculosis
A disease that affects many parts of the body, killing the cells and tissues, the lungs are most affected.
Characteristics of Bacterial meningitis
infection of the meninges- the membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. The membrane becomes swollen and may cause damage to the brain and nerves.
Characteristics of Ring rot (in plants)
ring of decay in the vascular tissue of a potato tuber or tomato, accompanied by leaf wilting.
Characteristics of HIV/AIDS
Attacks cells in the immune system and compromises the immune response.
Characteristics of Influenza (cold)?
attacks respiratory system and causes muscle pains and headaches.
Characteristics of tobacco mosaic virus?
causes mottling and discoloration of leaves
Characteristics of black sigatoka (bananas)
causes leaf spots on banana plants reducing the yield
Characteristics of Blight (tomatoes and potatoes)
affects both leaves and potato tubers
Characteristics of ringworm (cattle)
growth of fungus in skin with spore cases erupting through skin to cause rash
Characteristics of Athletes foot?
growth under skin of feet- particularly between the toes.
