gas exchange in other organisms Flashcards
How many pairs of gills do fish typically have? What bony plate do
they cover?
5 plates typically. Operculum plate
Describe the structure of the gill
Two rows of filaments over a Bony arch, Thin filaments are folded into secondary lamellae
Explain how the structure of the gill makes it efficient for gas
exchange?
Large surface area
Capillaries carry blood lose to the surface
Explain the counter current flow system
Water flows over the lamellae in the opposite direction to blood flow through the capillaries
Describe how ventilation occurs in bony fish?
Water is drawn into the mouth and forced out over the gills, increasing
gas exchange
How is the circulation system of insects different?
Open circulatory system
Presents of body fluid, which acts as blood and tissues fluid
Describe the structure of the insects gas exchange system
Tracheal system, air enters via pores called spiracles, Air is transport through tubes called tracheae and tracheales, Tracheal fluid moves around the body and causes exchange of gases
Describe how the expansion and contraction of air sacs aid ventilation
Sections of the tracheal system have flexible walls which contract and
expand changing tracheal volume of the thorax
How do wing movements aid ventilation?
Changes volume of the thorax
Air is forced in and out of the thorax with pressure changes
How have some insects developed ventilation further?
Specialised breathing systems
Coordinated opening and closing of pores
What is the role of the Sphincter?
Allows for the opening and closing of spiracles on insects.
How does water flow through a bony fish?
Water enters buccal cavity, floor of buccal cavity lowers increasing volume, fish shuts operculum, and increases volume of operculum cavity, pressure in operculum cavity decreases, floor of buccal cavity lifts up increasing pressure, water flows over gills, fish closes mouth, opens operculum and sides of operculum cavity squeeze inwards inc pressure so water flows out the operculum.
