Translation

Question 1

alternative splicing

Answer 1

keeping different exons in different cells which gives different mRNAs and proteins from the same DNA

Question 2

ribosomal large and small subunits

Answer 2

made of ribosomal RNA and proteins, big on top and small on bottom

Question 3

triplet codon

Answer 3

triplets of nucleotides which code for specific proteins; read 5’ to 3’

Question 4

ribosomal RNA

Answer 4

makes ribosomes, most prevalent RNA in cell

Question 5

transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 5

picks up correct amino acid and binds to correct codon to create polypeptide chains

Question 6

anticodon

Answer 6

the base pairings of the codon the tRNA wants to bind to

Question 7

aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

Answer 7

binds an amino acid to its correct tRNA

Question 8

aminoacyl site

Answer 8

where the amino acid is bonded to the tRNA (where new tRNA comes)

Question 9

peptidyl site

Answer 9

main site where tRNA is attached to polypeptide

Question 10

exit site

Answer 10

where tRNA leaves and detaches from polypeptide chain

Question 11

start codon

Answer 11

tell ribosomes where along mRNA to start “AUG”

Question 12

stop codons / “nonsense codons”

Answer 12

do not code for any amino acids; binds release factor (protein) which releases polypeptide

Question 13

initiator tRNA

Answer 13

tRNA with AUG anticodon, attached to Methionine or fMet in bacteria

Question 14

untranslated regions

Answer 14

mRNA is only translated between the stop and start codons; usually one protein coding segment per mRNA