Muscles Flashcards

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1
Q

traits of striated muscle (skeletal muscle)

A

somatic, most power, fastest, most organized

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2
Q

traits of smooth muscle

A

autonomic, slowest, least power

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3
Q

traits of cardiac muscle

A

autonomic, less fast, slower

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4
Q

organization of skeletal muscle

A

connective tissue (epimysium and perimysium) wrap muscle bundles, blood vessels, and nerves; muscle bundles wrapped in connective tissue with muscle fibers inside; myofibril inside muscle cells

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5
Q

thick filament

A

myosin

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6
Q

thin filament

A

actin

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7
Q

actin

A

made of actin and tropomyosin –> tropomyosin blocks actin binding sites

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8
Q

myosin

A

2 polysaccharides wound into a helix and create a filament, have a globular head

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9
Q

how many actin are surrounding myosin?

A

6

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10
Q

sarcomere

A

smallest unit of contraction in muscle

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11
Q

troponin

A

bound to tropomyosin keeping it in place, affected by calcium

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12
Q

Z disc

A

defines the lateral border of the sarcomere

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13
Q

A band

A

myosin and actin overlap, dark, length remains unchanged during contraction

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14
Q

I band

A

only actin, light, cross in the middle (Z disc), length contracts or shortens during contraction

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15
Q

sliding filament model

A

myosin pulls actin towards the center

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16
Q

cross bridge cycle

A
  1. myosin head binds to ATP leading to detachment from actin, 2. myosin head catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP and cocks the myosin head back, 3. myosin head binds to actin forming a cross bridge, 4. ADP is released and produces a power stroke that causes shortening of the sarcomere
17
Q

motor endplate

A

where neuron synapses with muscle

18
Q

T tubule

A

connects the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the depolarization is sent through it

19
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

storage site for calcium ions and releases them when action potential is sent

20
Q

antagonistic muscles

A

extension, bringing bones further apart

21
Q

agonist muscles

A

bringing bones together, flexion

22
Q

twitch contraction

A

one contraction, not usually summed

23
Q

tetanic contraction

A

many summed contractions at once causing complete contraction of the muscle

24
Q

motor unit

A

control very large muscle groups and allow for big forces