Mitosis and the Cell Cycle Flashcards
fission
prokaryotic cell division
mitosis
use microtubules in mitotic spindle to separate sister chromatids to make separate chromosomes
chromatin
the material of chromosomes (DNA, protein, RNA)
chromosome
one or two chromatids joined by a centromere
sister chromatid
DNA replicate and original chromosome
centromere
center of chromosome
chromosome condensation
chromosomes condense after replication and before mitosis to make separation easier
mitotic spindle
built of microtubules, arranges and moves chromosomes
centriole
organize the microtubules into correct placement for mitotic spindle
centrosome
contains the centrioles, where spindle fibers develop during mitosis
kinetochore
proteins surrounding the centromere which control movement through shortening and sliding
prophase
chromosomes condense, mitotic spindle forms, nuclear envelope begins to break down
prometaphase
spindle is fully set up
metaphase
sister chromatids are lined up
anaphase
sister chromatids are pulled apart and move to ends of cell
telophase
spindle disappears, nuclear envelope reforms
cytokinesis
subdivision of the cytoplasm into two cells
cleavage furrow
pinches the cell in 2 and requires a contractile ring of underlying microfilaments and myosin
contractile ring
made of microfilaments and myosin
cell plate
in plant cells, vesicles fusing in the middle of the cell
G1
period between M and S phases
G2
period between S and M phases
M phase
mitosis
S phase
DNA replication/synthesis
cell cycle
S -> G2 -> M -> G1
