Transcription and Translation Flashcards

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1
Q

messenger RNA (mRNA)

A

variable sizes, turn DNA into RNA which then turns into proteins

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2
Q

transcription unit

A

a region of DNA used as a template for a type of mRNA

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3
Q

promoter

A

in DNA, nucleotides bound by RNA polymerase and cofactors, where transcription begins

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4
Q

terminator

A

in DNA, around where transcription ends

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5
Q

how is the use of promoters affected?

A

controlled by whether or not protein transcription factors bind to nearby DNA

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6
Q

transcription factor proteins

A

can control transcription and bind to the DNA

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7
Q

primary transcript

A

the transcribed DNA before it is mature mRNA

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8
Q

mature mRNA

A

has capped 5’ ends, cleaved 3’ ends with polyA tails; modified to help stability, export, and binding

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9
Q

5’ cap

A

adding special nucleotide which stabilizes mRNA and binds to ribosomes

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10
Q

polyA tail

A

long stretch of As added to the 3’ end; binds proteins that help stabilize RNA and export form nucleus

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11
Q

exon

A

parts that remain after sections are removed from mRNA

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12
Q

intron

A

parts removed from mature mRNA

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13
Q

spliceosome

A

proteins and snRNA tha remove introns

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14
Q

snRNA

A

bind, recognize specific nucleotides at exon-intron junctions

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