the Cytoskeleton Flashcards
endomembrane system
endoplasmic reticulum (closest to nucleus), golgi apparatus, vesicles
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
inside (lumen) has protein enzymes for synthesis of membrane lipids, steroids, carbs, etc; plays a role in muscle contractions
rough endoplasmic reticulum
proteins made by ribosomes on outside are inserted into the lumen; has ribosomes
secretion signal sequence
on N terminal of protein; binds to SRP, receptor, and channel in ER
SRP
mediate movement of proteins through ER
signal anchor sequence
left in the membrane of the cell rather than cut off in transmembrane proteins
trafficking
moving of proteins, mRNA, vesicles, etc through the cell
transport vesicles
transport proteins, mRNA, ions, etc through cell
secretory vesicles
form from the trans golgi network and release contents to cells exterior through exocytosis
golgi apparatus
stack of flattened membrane bound discs or layers and molecules are moved from innermost (cis) layer to outermost (trans) layer
glycosylation
covalently linking proteins to other molecules like carbs in the golgi
lysosome
has digestive enzymes, kept acidic with protein pump, membrane has transport proteins to export digested molecules to cytoplasm
cytoskeleton
the structure of the cell including microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, coat proteins, etc
intermediate filament
intermediate diameter, for structure
microtubules
thickest diameter, big hollow tubes, used in the mitotic spindle
motor proteins
allow things to move across cytoskeleton
dynein
motor protein for microtubules which allows the sliding of them past each other
kinesin
motor protein for microtubules towards the + end
9+2
9 pairs of cilia and flagella in ring plus 2 central pairs
microfilament
thinnest diameter, made of actin, shortened/lengthened through actin removal and help with cell division and muscle contraction
myosin
motor protein for microfilaments
