Lipids, Membranes, and Transport

Question 1

ribose

Answer 1

a sugar with one more OH than deoxyribose

Question 2

deoxyribose

Answer 2

sugar without one OH

Question 3

nitrogenous bases

Answer 3

provide binding sites for proteins and bases in complementary nucleotides; part of a nucleotide

Question 4

phosphate

Answer 4

part of a nucleotide

Question 5

NMP

Answer 5

a phosphate with one phosphate, on nucloetides

Question 6

NDP

Answer 6

a phosphate with 2 phosphates, on nucleotides

Question 7

NTP

Answer 7

a phosphate with 3 phosphates, on nucleotides

Question 8

DNA

Answer 8

deoxyribose nucleic acid; a type of nucleic acid at has deoxyribose instead of ribose; makes up genetic material

Question 9

RNA

Answer 9

ribonucleic acid; a type of nucleic acid that has ribose; helps replicate DNA

Question 10

A, G, C, T, U

Answer 10

the main nucleotide bases that are used in creating DNA and RNA

Question 11

replication

Answer 11

copying of double stranded DNA; one strand is the template for new complementary strand

Question 12

what are hairpin shapes with RNA?

Answer 12

when RNA bases bind to complements in the same strand (because it is often single stranded); can create ribozymes

Question 13

lipids

Answer 13

contain hydrophobic and hydrocarbon chains

Question 14

fatty acid

Answer 14

lipid where one end has a carboxyl group

Question 15

steroid

Answer 15

lipid with 4 carbon rings and can have branches

Question 16

triglyceride

Answer 16

3 fatty acids linked together by a glycerol backbone; cannot bond fatty acids to each other so they are not polymers

Question 17

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 17

fatty acids with carbon double bonds

Question 18

which fatty acid makes membranes more fluid?

Answer 18

unsaturated fatty acids

Question 19

how does cholesterol regulate membranes?

Answer 19

it stays relatively rigid in hot temperatures and relatively fluid in cold temperatures

Question 20

glycolipids

Answer 20

have saccharides instead of phosphates and can help control membranes

Question 21

steroids

Answer 21

rings of carbons with tails with some type of hydrophilic head and can help control membranes; ex cholesterol

Question 22

permeability of the lipid bilayer

Answer 22

allows: large and small nonpolar, very small polar
does not: larger polar, small and large ions

Question 23

diffuse

Answer 23

move from high concentration to low concentration

Question 24

isotonic

Answer 24

solute concentration is the same outside and inside the cell

Question 25

hypotonic

Answer 25

solute concentration is lower outside the cell than inside (water conc is higher outside)

Question 26

hypertonic

Answer 26

solute concentration is higher outside the cell than inside (water conc is lower outside)

Question 27

osmosis

Answer 27

diffusion of water across the membrane

Question 28

turgor pressure

Answer 28

pressure some plant cells need which is created from hypotonic solutions; blocks further water flow

Question 29

facilitated diffusion

Answer 29

allows diffusion from high to low through channels; can be selective and open and close

Question 30

carrier proteins

Answer 30

has a barrier and picks up a substance and carries it

Question 31

active transport

Answer 31

against conc gradient and needs energy from chemical reactions “primary transport”

Question 32

cotransport

Answer 32

couples energy provided by facilitated diffusion to pump something else; changes shape through the facilitated diffusion which allows the other substance to also travel

Question 33

symport cotransport

Answer 33

cotransporting in same direction

Question 34

antiport cotransport

Answer 34

contransporting in opposite directions