Meiosis and Mendelian genetics

Question 1

meiosis

Answer 1

diploid cell undergoes 2 divisions to make 4 haploid cells

Question 2

meiosis 1

Answer 2

meiotic spindle lines up homologous chromosomes next to each other and separates the pair; sister chromatids stay together

Question 3

tetrad (bivalent)

Answer 3

the lining up of homologous chromosomes

Question 4

crossing over

Answer 4

DNA of one chromosome can cross over with another at a chiasma which helps homologs synapse; adds more variability to offspring

Question 5

meiosis 2

Answer 5

the lining up and separation of sister chromatids to form gametes

Question 6

chiasma

Answer 6

where DNA crosses over and physically links the homologs

Question 7

homozygous

Answer 7

have two of the same allele

Question 8

heterozygous

Answer 8

have two different alleles

Question 9

law of segregation

Answer 9

the 2 alleles in the parent segregate from each other during formation of gametes

Question 10

law of independent assortment

Answer 10

2 alleles in parent segregate from each other during formation of gametes

Question 11

genotype

Answer 11

what genetic information the individual can pass on to offspring

Question 12

phenotype

Answer 12

the physical trait the individual has

Question 13

dominant alleles

Answer 13

control phenotype if they’re present

Question 14

recessive allele

Answer 14

control phenotype only if there are no dominant alleles present

Question 15

dihybrid cross

Answer 15

a cross of two types of genes

Question 16

test cross

Answer 16

mate with a homozygous recessive and see offspring