Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO1334 - Genetics > Transcription > Flashcards

Transcription Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the central dogma?

A

The genetic instructions carried by the DNA must be transcribed into RNA and translated into protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What process cause DNA to form RNA?

A

Transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What process cause RNA to form PROTEIN?

A

Translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is mRNAs?

A

Messenger RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of mRNAa?

A

code for protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is rRNAs?

A

Ribosomal RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of rRNAs?

A

Form basic structures of ribosome and catalyse protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is tRNAs?

A

Transfer RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of tRNAs?

A

Central to protein synthesis as adaptors between mRNA and amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is snRNAs?

A

Small nuclear RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of snRNAs?

A

function in a variety of nuclear processes, including splicing of pre-mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is snoRNAs?

A

Small nucleolar RNAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of snoRNAs?

A

help to process and chemically modify rRNAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is miRNAs?

A

MicroRNAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of miRNAs?

A

Regulate gene expression by blocking translation of specific mRNAs and cause their degradation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is siRNAs?

A

Small interfering RNAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of siRNAs?

A

Turn off gene expression by directing the degradation of selective mRNAs and the establishment of compact chromatin structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is piRNAs?

A

Piwi-interacting RNAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of piRNAs?

A

Bind to kiwi proteins and protect the germ line from transposable elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is lncRNAs?

A

Long noncoding RNAs

21
Q

What is the function of lncRNAs?

A

Serve as scaffolds as they regulate diverse cell processes including x-chromosome inactivation

22
Q

What is trascriptome?

A

Set of all RNA molecules

23
Q

What can RNAseq do?

A

Determine the sequence

24
Q

What does transcription do?

A

Produces an RNA molecule that is complementary to one strand of DNA

25
Q

How does RNA differ from DNA?

A
  • RNA = ribose glucose whilst DNA = deoxyribose glucose
  • RNA has uracil base unlike thymine in DNA
  • RNA is less stable
  • RNA is single stranded
26
Q

Why is it important that DNA has thymine not uracil?

A

If uracil were used in DNA, cytosine deamination would be difficult to detect and repair

27
Q

Which statement is true for DNA:

a) accurate, long term storage
b) transient

A

a is correct

28
Q

Which statement is true for RNA:

a) accurate, long term storage
b) transient

A

b is correct

29
Q

What is more stable RNA or DNA?

A

DNA

30
Q

Can RNA act as a catalyst?

A

Yes

31
Q

What is RNA polymerase?

A

Use a DNA strand as a template to join free nucleotides make a new RNA strand

32
Q

What direction is RNA synthesised?

A

In a 5’ to 3’

33
Q

What side the 5’ of a ribose attach to?

A

phosphate group

34
Q

What side the 3’ of a ribose attach to?

A

hydroxyl group

35
Q

What do you need for RNA synthesis?

A
  • RNA polymerase
  • DNA locally single strand
  • Nucleotides (A/C/G/U)
  • Phyrophosphate is lost
  • 5’ to 3’ direction
36
Q

What provides the energy required for polymerisation by formation of a phosphodiester bond?

A

Breakage of phosphonanhydride of nucleotide

37
Q

Why is processing the ends of mRNA essential?

A

For stability

38
Q

Describe the processing of the ends of mRNA?

A
  • 5’ end of mRNA gets capped with an atypical nucleotide
  • 3’ end of mRNA gets a tail of poly-A nucleotides
  • Introns, non-coding sequence have to be removed
39
Q

What is the process called when removing introns from pre-mRNA?

A

Splicing

40
Q

What are exons?

A

Coding DNA

41
Q

What are introns?

A

Non-coding DNA

42
Q

What are introns sliced out by?

A

Spliceosome

43
Q

What is a sliceosome?

A

ribonucleoprotein particles made form snRNAs that bind to proteins

44
Q

What is alternative splicing?

A

More than one protein expressed from a single gene

45
Q

How do mRNA leave the nucleus?

A

Through the nuclear pores

46
Q

What RNAs are selectively exported from the nucleus?

A

Mature

47
Q

What effects the half-life of the mRNA?

A

The sequence of the mRNA

48
Q

What determines how many times an mRNA can be translated?

A

the stability of an mRNA

49
Q

What can alternative splicing leads to?

A

Multiple different protein isoforms from a single gene

BIO1334 - Genetics (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions