Genome Sequencing

Question 1

Fill in the gaps:

Eukaryotic genomes are ……… (8) in size but generally ….. (5)

Answer 1

Eukaryotic genomes are variable in size but generally large

Question 2

How are eukaryotic genomes arranged?

Answer 2

As linear chromosomes

Question 3

What other genomes apart from chromosomes are in your cells?

Answer 3

Organellar genomes

Question 4

Give an example of organelles genome:

Answer 4

human mitochondrial genome

Question 5

How long is the human mitochondrial genome?

Answer 5

16,500 bp circular DNA

Question 6

What size is human chromosome 22?

Answer 6

51 MB

Question 7

How much (%) does protein coding make up in human chromosome 22?

Answer 7

1.5%

Question 8

What is the strongest risk factor for nearly all diseases?

Answer 8

Family history

Question 9

What are intergenic regions made up of?

Answer 9

• Mostly repeated DNA sequences

- Pseudogenes

Question 10

What does LINEs stand for?

Answer 10

Long interspersed nuclear elements

Question 11

What does SINEs stand for?

Answer 11

Short interspersed nuclear elements

Question 12

What are transposons?

Answer 12

Jumping genes

Question 13

What do transposons do?

Answer 13

Can replicate and insert into other parts of the genome.

Question 14

Who discovered transposons?

Answer 14

Barbara McClintock

Question 15

What is the name for when some transposons replicate and insert into genome via mRNA?

Answer 15

Retrotranspons

Question 16

Give an example of retrotransposons:

Answer 16

LINES (Long interspersed nuclear elements)

Question 17

What are the two categories for transposons?

Answer 17

• DNA Transposons

- Retrotransposons

Question 18

What is DNA Transposons?

Answer 18

• form most of the mobile elements in bacteria

- can also occur in eukaryotes

Question 19

What is Retrotransposons?

Answer 19

-form most of the mobile units in eukaryotes

Question 20

How are genomes sequenced?

Answer 20

Very small fragments

Sequences assembled in silico by bioinformatics