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BIO1334 - Genetics > DNA Structure and Function > Flashcards

DNA Structure and Function Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Finish the sentence:

Genetic information must be stable for…

A

storage

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2
Q

Who isolated the first nucleic acid?

A

Friedrich Miescher

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3
Q

What is the genetic material called?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

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4
Q

Who did the Streptococcus pneumoniae transformation experiments?

A

Avery, MacLeod and McCarty

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5
Q

Who did the bacteriophage experiment in 1953?

A

Hershey and Chase

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6
Q

What is a bacteriophage?

A

Protein coat and DNA which infects bacteria

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7
Q

What must genetic material be?

A
  • stable over time
  • replicate
  • control expression of traits
  • change in a controlled way
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8
Q

What shape is DNA?

A

A double helix of two strands which is a linear polymer made up of repeating units

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9
Q

What is nucleotide made out of?

A

sugar + base + phosphate

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10
Q

What is a nucleoside made out of?

A

sugar + base

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11
Q

Deoxyribose + adenine =

A

deoxy adenosine

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12
Q

Deoxyribose + guanine =

A

deoxy guanosine

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13
Q

Deoxyribose + cytosine =

A

deoxy cytidine

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14
Q

Deoxyribose + thymine =

A

deoxy thymidine

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15
Q

What direction does a DNA stage go in?

A

5’ to 3’

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16
Q

Are DNA stands parallel or antiparallel in double stranded DNA?

A

Antiparallel

17
Q

How are the two DNA stands held together?

A

By hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs

18
Q

Finish the sentence:

A large base pairs with a…

A

small base

19
Q

What base is consider small?

A

T/G/U

20
Q

What base is concerned large?

A

A/C

21
Q

What is the group name of T/G/U?

A

Pyrimidine

22
Q

What is the group name of A/C?

A

Purine

23
Q

How many hydrogen bonds are formed between A and T/U?

A

2

24
Q

How many hydrogen bonds are form between G and C?

A

3

25
Q

Finish the sentence:

Base pairs are…

A

Planar

26
Q

Why does it take a lot of energy to separate the DNA strands?

A

Many DNA stands stacked up upon each other

27
Q

The strand backbones are closer together on one side of the helix than on the other. What is the major grove?

A

Backbones are far apart

28
Q

The strand backbones are closer together on one side of the helix than on the other. What is the minor groove?

A

Backbones are close together

29
Q

Which way do the grooves twist?around the molecule on opposite sides.

A

Around the molecule on opposite sides.

30
Q

Why does the structure of DNA provide the mechanism for heredity?

A

Genetic information is carried in the sequence of bases in DNA so can be passed on

31
Q

Why is it DNA a digital code?

A
  • Only four possible bases in DNA

- Easily stored and analysed by computers

BIO1334 - Genetics (24 decks)

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