Population Genetics Flashcards
What do haploid gametes show allele frequency or genotype frequency?
Allele frequency
What do diploid gametes show allele frequency or genotype frequency?
Genotypic frequency
What is population genetics theory?
The frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population will remain constant unless acted upon by non-mendelian processes
(equilibrium = no evolution)
How did Theodosius Dobzhansky define evolution?
“a change in the frequency of an allele within a gene pool”
What does a mendelian inheritance patterns allow us to predict?
Expected frequencies of alleles
When do frequencies of alleles remain constant?
in offsprings
What does p stand for in the hardy-weinberg equilibrium?
the frequency of one allele in the
population (usually the dominant allele)
What does q stand for in the hardy-weinberg equilibrium?
the frequency of one allele in the
population (usually the recessive allele)
What is hardy-weinberg equilibrium equation?
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
p + q = 1
What does p^2 stand for in the hardy-weinberg equilibrium?
Proportion of population that is homozygous for the first allele
What does 2pq stand for in the hardy-weinberg equilibrium?
Proportion of population that is heterozygous
What does q^2 stand for in the hardy-weinberg equilibrium?
Proportion of population that is homozygous for the second allele
When does the hardy-weinberg equilibrium apply?
- Organisms are diploid, sexual and have discrete generations
- Allele frequencies are the same in each sex
- Mendelian segregation occurs
- Mating occurs at random
- Population size is large so no genetic drift
- No gene flow (immigration/ emigration)
- No mutation
- No selection
Why must mating occur at random when using the HWE?
Non-random mating does not change allele frequencies, but rather changes how the alleles are distributed into diploid genotypes
What is assortative mating?
- Race and geographical proximity
- Mating is generally random with respect to genotypes
