Chromosome Structure

Question 1

What is a genome?

Answer 1

All the DNA in (the nucleus of) a cell

Question 2

What is the genome of a haploid human nuclear genome?

Answer 2

3.0 X 10^9 base pairs (bp)

Question 3

What is the genome of a human mitochondrial genome?

Answer 3

1.5 x 10^4 bp

Question 4

What is the chromosome structure?

Answer 4

Nuclear genetic material distribute among discrete units

Question 5

How long is the DNA?

Answer 5

6 X 10^9 bp

Question 6

What is the diameter of a nucleus?

Answer 6

10 micrometers diameter

Question 7

How is DNA packaged?

Answer 7

dsDNA molecule is packaged into chromosomes through interactions with specialised proteins

Question 8

What does DNA wrap around?

Answer 8

Histones

Question 9

How many times do DNA wrap around histones?

Answer 9

2

Question 10

What does a DNA and histones from?

Answer 10

Nucleosomes

Question 11

What is a nucleosome?

Answer 11

DNA wraps twice around 8 core histones

Question 12

How many histones do DNA wrap around?

Answer 12

8

Question 13

What does histone H1 do?

Answer 13

Brings nucleosomes together to form a chromatin fibre

Question 14

Finish the sentence:

Chromatin is further condensed by…

Answer 14

Scaffold proteins

Question 15

What is a nucleoli?

Answer 15

A region where chromosomes carrying rRNA cluster, rRNAs are synthesised and ribosomes are assembled

Question 16

What are the two types of chromatin?

Answer 16

• euchromatin

- heterochromatin

Question 17

What is euchromatin?

Answer 17

less compact DNA form contains genes that are frequently expressed

Question 18

What is heterochromatin?

Answer 18

More compact containing DNA that is not transcribed