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[OS 202] A > Trans - Synaptic Transmission > Flashcards

Trans - Synaptic Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

types of synaptic contact

A
  1. axosomatic
  2. axodendritic
  3. axoaxonic
  4. dendrodendritic
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2
Q

only synaptic contact that allows bidirectional impulse flow

A

dendrodendritic

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3
Q

synaptic buds that cover the surface of many dendrite processes

A

dendritic spine

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4
Q

dendritic spine - function

A

increase surface area for synapses –> neuronal plasticity

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5
Q

2 types of coupling in gap junctions

A
  1. electrical (low resistance)

2. metabolic (transport channel)

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6
Q

moiety of gap junctions

A

connexon

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7
Q

connexons are made of

A

connexins

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8
Q

types of synapse

A
  1. electrical

2. chemical

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9
Q

electrical synapse - examples

A

for extraocular muscles

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10
Q

electrical synapse - mechanism

A

use of gap junctions to directly transmit impulses

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11
Q

what type of synapse produces no lag

A

electrical synapse

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12
Q

chemical synapse - mechanism

A

use of neurotransmitters to bridge synpatic cleft (electrical –> chemical –> electrical)

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13
Q

electrical synapse - unidirectional or bidirectional

A

bidirectional

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14
Q

chemical synapse - unidirectional or bidirectional

A

unidirectional

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15
Q

specific areas in presynaptic cell where vesicles open and release neurotransmitters

A

active zone

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16
Q

connect vesicles to actin

A

synapsin

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17
Q

2 types of docking proteins

A
  1. VAMP (associated with vesicle)

2. SNARE (associated with membrane)

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18
Q

site where vesicle fuses with membrane and releases contents into synaptic cleft

A

fusion pore

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19
Q

neurotransmitter binding to postsynaptic receptors control opening of what gates

A

Na gate

K gate

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20
Q

opening of Na gate - activation or inhibition?

A

activation

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21
Q

opening of K gate - activation or inhibition?

A

inhibition

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22
Q

3 ways to inhibit propagation of impulse at synapse

A
  1. open K gate
  2. close Na gate
  3. inhibit calcium
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23
Q

ionotropic receptor

A

receptor is associated with gate

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24
Q

fast acting receptors

A

ionotropic receptors

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25
Q

metabotropic receptor

A

receptor is not closely associated with gate (indirect)

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26
Q

slow acting receptors

A

metabotropic receptor

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27
Q

2 types of ionotropic receptors, and the ions associated with them

A
  1. excitatory (Na)

2. inhibitory (Cl)

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28
Q

peripheral synapse neurotransmitter

A

Ach

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29
Q

central synapse neurotransmitter

A

varies

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30
Q

peripheral synapse - excitatory or inhibitory

A

excitatory

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31
Q

central synapse - excitatory or inhibitory

A

may be either

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32
Q

type of connection in peripheral synapse

A

neuromuscular junction

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33
Q

type of connection in central synapse

A

axodendritic

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34
Q

types of circuit

A
  1. divergent
  2. convergent
  3. reverberating
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35
Q

example of reverberating circuit

A

amygdala

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36
Q

EPSP - depolarization or hyperpolarization

A

depolarization

37
Q

IPSP - depolarization or hyperpolarization

A

hyperpolarization

38
Q

[T/F] EPSP and IPSP are automatically propagated

A

F, they are local potentials

39
Q

examples of excitatory neurotransmitters

A

Ach, glutamate

40
Q

examples of inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

GABA, dopamine

41
Q

temporal summation - principle

A

rapid firing of 1 neuron causes summation

42
Q

spatial summation - principle

A

2 or more neurons firing on the same axon causes summation

43
Q

cause of presynaptic depression

A

lack of vesicles

44
Q

cause of postsynaptic depression

A

desensitization of receptors

45
Q

presynaptic facilitation - define

A

upon rapid stimulation of neurons, the response evoked by the 2nd stimulus is greater than the first

46
Q

posttetanic potentiation - define

A

repetitive stimulation of presynaptic membrane, increasing postsynaptic membrane potential

47
Q

significance of long term potentiation and depression

A

used in learning and memory

48
Q

long-term potentiation - where does it occur

A

hippocampus

49
Q

long-term potentiation - mechanism

A

increased Ca increases NT which strengthens the postsynaptic membrane

50
Q

differentiate the 2 types of postsynaptic inhibition

A

indirect - due to refractory period

direct - due to neurotransmitters

51
Q

presynaptic inhibition - mechanism

A

hyperpolarization of terminal bouton to diminish the effect of arriving impulses

52
Q

neurotransmitter - characteristics

A
  1. present in presynaptic
  2. synthesized by cell
  3. released on presynaptic depolarization
53
Q

Ach - where in the PNS

A

NMJ and autonomic ganglion

54
Q

Ach - where in the CNS

A

nucleus basalis, septal nuclei

55
Q

Ach - precursor

A

acetyl coA and choline

56
Q

nicotinic receptor - where found

A

skeletal muscle

57
Q

nicotinic receptor - excitatory or inhibitory

A

excitatory

58
Q

nicotinic receptor - ionotropic or metabotropic

A

ionotropic

59
Q

muscarinic receptor - where found

A

cardiac muscle

60
Q

muscarinic receptor - excitatory or inhibitory

A

inhibitory

61
Q

muscarinic receptor - ionotropic or metabotropic

A

metabotropic

62
Q

norepinephrine - CNS location

A

nucleus coeruleus and nucleus subcoeruleus

63
Q

norepinephrine - functions

A

emotion, pain, alertness

64
Q

norepinephrine - precursor

A

tyrosine

65
Q

norepinephrine degraded by:

A

monoamine oxidase in presynaptic terminal

66
Q

[T/F] adrenoreceptors are ionotropic

A

F

67
Q

dopamine - CNS location

A

substantia nigra
ventral tegmental area
arcuate nucleus

68
Q

dopamine - function

A

reward and pleasure

69
Q

dopamine - precursor

A

tyrosine

70
Q

serotonin - another name

A

5-hydroxytryptamine

71
Q

serotonin - precursor

A

tryptophan

72
Q

serotonin - CNS location

A

median raphe nuclei

73
Q

serotonin - function

A

arousal, mod, pain

74
Q

glutamate - excitatory or inhibitory

A

excitatory

75
Q

glutamate - precursor

A

glutamine

76
Q

ionotropic glutamate receptors and associated ions

A
  1. kainate (Na, K)
  2. AMPA (Na, Ca)
  3. NMDA (Na, Ca, K)
77
Q

NMDA need what substances to open

A

glutamate and glycine

78
Q

glycine - excitatory or inhibitory

A

inhibitory

79
Q

glycine - where found

A

SC

80
Q

glycine - precursor

A

serine

81
Q

GABA - where found

A

CNS striatum

cerebellum Purkinjie cells

82
Q

GABA - precursor

A

glutamate

83
Q

GABA - excitatory or inhibitory

A

inhibitory

84
Q

differentiate the 3 receptors for peptides

A
  1. mu –> increase K
  2. kappa –> decrease calcium
  3. delta –> decrease calcium

all produce analgesia, delta may produce analgesia with consciousness

85
Q

substance P - function

A

pain reception

86
Q

how is neurotransmitter action terminated

A
  1. diffusion
  2. degradation
  3. reuptake
87
Q

tetanus binds to what:

A

synaptobrevin

88
Q

botulinum binds to

A

SNAP25, synaptobrevin, syntaxin

[OS 202] A (18 decks)

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