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[OS 202] A > Trans - Synaptic Transmission > Flashcards

Trans - Synaptic Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

types of synaptic contact

A
  1. axosomatic
  2. axodendritic
  3. axoaxonic
  4. dendrodendritic
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2
Q

only synaptic contact that allows bidirectional impulse flow

A

dendrodendritic

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3
Q

synaptic buds that cover the surface of many dendrite processes

A

dendritic spine

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4
Q

dendritic spine - function

A

increase surface area for synapses –> neuronal plasticity

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5
Q

2 types of coupling in gap junctions

A
  1. electrical (low resistance)

2. metabolic (transport channel)

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6
Q

moiety of gap junctions

A

connexon

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7
Q

connexons are made of

A

connexins

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8
Q

types of synapse

A
  1. electrical

2. chemical

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9
Q

electrical synapse - examples

A

for extraocular muscles

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10
Q

electrical synapse - mechanism

A

use of gap junctions to directly transmit impulses

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11
Q

what type of synapse produces no lag

A

electrical synapse

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12
Q

chemical synapse - mechanism

A

use of neurotransmitters to bridge synpatic cleft (electrical –> chemical –> electrical)

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13
Q

electrical synapse - unidirectional or bidirectional

A

bidirectional

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14
Q

chemical synapse - unidirectional or bidirectional

A

unidirectional

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15
Q

specific areas in presynaptic cell where vesicles open and release neurotransmitters

A

active zone

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16
Q

connect vesicles to actin

A

synapsin

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17
Q

2 types of docking proteins

A
  1. VAMP (associated with vesicle)

2. SNARE (associated with membrane)

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18
Q

site where vesicle fuses with membrane and releases contents into synaptic cleft

A

fusion pore

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19
Q

neurotransmitter binding to postsynaptic receptors control opening of what gates

A

Na gate

K gate

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20
Q

opening of Na gate - activation or inhibition?

A

activation

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21
Q

opening of K gate - activation or inhibition?

A

inhibition

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22
Q

3 ways to inhibit propagation of impulse at synapse

A
  1. open K gate
  2. close Na gate
  3. inhibit calcium
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23
Q

ionotropic receptor

A

receptor is associated with gate

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24
Q

fast acting receptors

A

ionotropic receptors

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25
metabotropic receptor
receptor is not closely associated with gate (indirect)
26
slow acting receptors
metabotropic receptor
27
2 types of ionotropic receptors, and the ions associated with them
1. excitatory (Na) | 2. inhibitory (Cl)
28
peripheral synapse neurotransmitter
Ach
29
central synapse neurotransmitter
varies
30
peripheral synapse - excitatory or inhibitory
excitatory
31
central synapse - excitatory or inhibitory
may be either
32
type of connection in peripheral synapse
neuromuscular junction
33
type of connection in central synapse
axodendritic
34
types of circuit
1. divergent 2. convergent 3. reverberating
35
example of reverberating circuit
amygdala
36
EPSP - depolarization or hyperpolarization
depolarization
37
IPSP - depolarization or hyperpolarization
hyperpolarization
38
[T/F] EPSP and IPSP are automatically propagated
F, they are local potentials
39
examples of excitatory neurotransmitters
Ach, glutamate
40
examples of inhibitory neurotransmitters
GABA, dopamine
41
temporal summation - principle
rapid firing of 1 neuron causes summation
42
spatial summation - principle
2 or more neurons firing on the same axon causes summation
43
cause of presynaptic depression
lack of vesicles
44
cause of postsynaptic depression
desensitization of receptors
45
presynaptic facilitation - define
upon rapid stimulation of neurons, the response evoked by the 2nd stimulus is greater than the first
46
posttetanic potentiation - define
repetitive stimulation of presynaptic membrane, increasing postsynaptic membrane potential
47
significance of long term potentiation and depression
used in learning and memory
48
long-term potentiation - where does it occur
hippocampus
49
long-term potentiation - mechanism
increased Ca increases NT which strengthens the postsynaptic membrane
50
differentiate the 2 types of postsynaptic inhibition
indirect - due to refractory period | direct - due to neurotransmitters
51
presynaptic inhibition - mechanism
hyperpolarization of terminal bouton to diminish the effect of arriving impulses
52
neurotransmitter - characteristics
1. present in presynaptic 2. synthesized by cell 3. released on presynaptic depolarization
53
Ach - where in the PNS
NMJ and autonomic ganglion
54
Ach - where in the CNS
nucleus basalis, septal nuclei
55
Ach - precursor
acetyl coA and choline
56
nicotinic receptor - where found
skeletal muscle
57
nicotinic receptor - excitatory or inhibitory
excitatory
58
nicotinic receptor - ionotropic or metabotropic
ionotropic
59
muscarinic receptor - where found
cardiac muscle
60
muscarinic receptor - excitatory or inhibitory
inhibitory
61
muscarinic receptor - ionotropic or metabotropic
metabotropic
62
norepinephrine - CNS location
nucleus coeruleus and nucleus subcoeruleus
63
norepinephrine - functions
emotion, pain, alertness
64
norepinephrine - precursor
tyrosine
65
norepinephrine degraded by:
monoamine oxidase in presynaptic terminal
66
[T/F] adrenoreceptors are ionotropic
F
67
dopamine - CNS location
substantia nigra ventral tegmental area arcuate nucleus
68
dopamine - function
reward and pleasure
69
dopamine - precursor
tyrosine
70
serotonin - another name
5-hydroxytryptamine
71
serotonin - precursor
tryptophan
72
serotonin - CNS location
median raphe nuclei
73
serotonin - function
arousal, mod, pain
74
glutamate - excitatory or inhibitory
excitatory
75
glutamate - precursor
glutamine
76
ionotropic glutamate receptors and associated ions
1. kainate (Na, K) 2. AMPA (Na, Ca) 3. NMDA (Na, Ca, K)
77
NMDA need what substances to open
glutamate and glycine
78
glycine - excitatory or inhibitory
inhibitory
79
glycine - where found
SC
80
glycine - precursor
serine
81
GABA - where found
CNS striatum | cerebellum Purkinjie cells
82
GABA - precursor
glutamate
83
GABA - excitatory or inhibitory
inhibitory
84
differentiate the 3 receptors for peptides
1. mu --> increase K 2. kappa --> decrease calcium 3. delta --> decrease calcium all produce analgesia, delta may produce analgesia with consciousness
85
substance P - function
pain reception
86
how is neurotransmitter action terminated
1. diffusion 2. degradation 3. reuptake
87
tetanus binds to what:
synaptobrevin
88
botulinum binds to
SNAP25, synaptobrevin, syntaxin

[OS 202] A (18 decks)

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