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[OS 202] A > Trans - Blood Brain Barrier > Flashcards

Trans - Blood Brain Barrier Flashcards

1
Q

perivascular sheath of pia mater around brain capillaries

A

Virchow-Robin space

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2
Q

intracranial veins drain into :

A

dural sinuses

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3
Q

contributes to 40% of total vascular resistance in CNS

A

penetrating parenchymal arteries

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4
Q

difference of capillaries inside and outside CNS

A

outside - may be fenestrated

inside - basement membrane invested by nearly continuous layer of foot processes (astrocyte extensions)

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5
Q

BBB - function

A

prevent/control entry of substance into CNS

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6
Q

transport system in BBB

A

facilitated diffusion

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7
Q

what type of substances can pass through BBB

A

lipid-soluble

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8
Q

what junctions are in BBB

A

tight junctions

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9
Q

how do substances pass through the BBB

A

substances cannot pass through intracellular spaces - they need to pass through the plasma membrane of the endothelial cells by facilitated diffusion

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10
Q

transport of glucose into CNS

A

through GLUT1

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11
Q

[T/F] astrocytic foot processes are important components of BBB

A

F

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12
Q

[T/F] BBB fully encloses all structures in the brain

A

F

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13
Q

why is the BBB less developed in some areas of the brain

A

to allow the brain to monitor blood content/flow

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14
Q

where is the BBB less developed?

A
  1. anterior 3rd ventricle
  2. tuber cenereum (hypothalamus)
  3. pineal gland
  4. area postrema (in 4th ventricle near obex)
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15
Q

brain is __% of body weight

A

2

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16
Q

brain uses up ___% of cardiac output

A

15

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17
Q

normal blood flow through brain

A

50-55 ml/100g/min

~750 ml/ min

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18
Q

brain uses up ___% of O2

A

20

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19
Q

normal O2 consumption

A

3.7ml/100g/min

~50ml/min

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20
Q

relationship of perfusion pressure and cerebral blood flow

A

direct

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21
Q

relationship of total vascular resistance and cerebral blood flow

A

inverse

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22
Q

principal extracerebral factor affecting CBF

A

systemic arterial BP

23
Q

normal cerebral venous pressure is relatively ____

A

low

24
Q

CBF is (1)__________ by up to (2) _____ in anemia

A
  1. increased

2. 30%

25
Q

CBF is (1)___ by up to (2)___ in polycythemia

A
  1. decreased

2. 50%

26
Q

resistance to flow is (1)_____ by arterial disease, causing (2)_______ of CBF

A
  1. increased

2. decrease

27
Q

resistance to flow is (1)_____ by pathologic anastomosis, causing (2)_______ of CBF

A
  1. decreased

2. increase

28
Q

least significant mechanism of regulating intracranial pressure

A

neurogenic

29
Q

extrinsic neurogenic signals for regulating intracranial pressure

A
  1. parasympathetic
  2. sympathetic
  3. trigeminal nerve
30
Q

intrinsic neurogenic signals for regulating intracranial pressure

A

locus ceruleus

31
Q

fastest responding mechanism for regulating intracranial pressure

A

myogenic

32
Q

most potent mechanism for regulating intracranial pressure

A

pCO2

33
Q

mechanisms by which CO2 and O2 may act in response to pressure changes

A
  1. direct to muscle –> ex. supply of oxygen causes vasoconstriction
  2. indirect –> stimulation of neurogenic detector mechanisms for gas concentration or pH
34
Q

acidosis will cause:

A

vasodilation

35
Q

alkalosis will cause:

A

vasoconstriction

36
Q

myogenic response to increased pressure? why?

A

vasoconstriction –> to prevent too much blood going into the brain

37
Q

myogenic response to decreased pressure? why?

A

vasodilation –> to allow more blood to perfuse brain despite low arterial pressure

38
Q

increased pCO2 causes what? why?

A

vasodilation –> increased carbon dioxide means increased metabolism. vasodilation to allow fresh blood to perfuse the tissue and carry away waste products

39
Q

decreased pCO2 causes what? why?

A

vasoconstriction –> no need to increase flow to cope with increase in metabolic byproducts

40
Q

decreased pO2 causes what? why?

A

vasodilation –> need to increase flow to perfuse the tissue

41
Q

increased pO2 causs what? why?

A

vasconstriction –> no need for increase in flow, tissue is not hypoxic

42
Q

consequences of high intracranial pressure

A

squeezing of brain tissue –> brain damage due to mechanical injury

43
Q

consequences of low intracranial pressure

A

brain damage due to hypoperfusion

44
Q

ability of an organ to maintain its internal blood flow constant for all by the widest extremes of pressure

A

autoregulation

45
Q

in what BP range does CBF autoregulation occur

A

60-150 mmHg arterial BP

46
Q

what is the maximum BP for autoregulation of CBF

A

160mmHg

47
Q

main mechanism for autoregulation in CBF

A

myogenic

48
Q

mechanism of neurogenic autoregulation of CBF

A

influence through neurotransmitters

49
Q

strongest mechanism for autoregulation ifn CBF

A

chemical-metabolic

50
Q

chemical-metabolic autoregulation of CBF involves what:

A

CO2, O2, pH

51
Q

transient increase of CBF in regions of the brain active in certain thoughts or emotions

A

metabolic coupling of CBF

52
Q

duration of metabolic coupling of CBF

A

1-2 seconds

53
Q

overall effect of metabolic coupling of CBF on total CBF

A

minimal/negligible

[OS 202] A (18 decks)

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