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[OS 202] A > Trans - Neuroembryology > Flashcards

Trans - Neuroembryology Flashcards

1
Q

when does the primitive streak appear

A

day 15

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2
Q

when does the neural tube appear

A

day 22

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3
Q

when does the neural fold appear

A

day 20

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4
Q

germ layer precursor of CNS

A

ectoderm

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5
Q

result of rostral neural tube growth

A

brain

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6
Q

result of caudal neural tube growth

A

spinal cord

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7
Q

fusion of the neural folds begins in what region

A

cervical

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8
Q

what region of the spine is the oldest

A

cervical spine

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9
Q

neuroectodermal cells that are not incorporated into the tube during the course of development

A

neural crest cells

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10
Q

neural crest cells may differentiate into:

A

ganglion cells

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11
Q

ganglion - define

A

cluster of neuron soma found outside the brain and spinal cord

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12
Q

what neuropore closes first

A

anterior neuropore

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13
Q

when does the brain have 3 primary segments

A

3rd week of development

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14
Q

when does the brain have 5 secondary segments

A

7th week of development

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15
Q

immediate fate of prosencephalon

A

becomes telencephalon and diencephalon

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16
Q

immediate fate of mesencephalon

A

remains mesencephalon

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17
Q

immediate fate of rhombencephalon

A

becomes metencephalon and myelencephalon

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18
Q

precursor of cerebrum

A

telencephalon

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19
Q

precursor of thalamus and hypothalamus

A

diencephalon

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20
Q

precursor of midbrain

A

mesencephalon

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21
Q

precursor of pons and cerebellum

A

metencephalon

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22
Q

precursor of medulla

A

myelencephalon

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23
Q

first flexure to appear

A

cervical flexure

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24
Q

cervical flexure is between

A

rhombencephalon and spinal cord

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25
Q

cephalic flexure is between

A

prosencephalon and mesencephalon

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26
Q

how are the cerebral hemispheres formed

A

evaginations of telencephalon

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27
Q

peak time period of neuronal proliferation

A

3-4 months into gestation

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28
Q

proliferation starts with what type of cell

A

primitive ectodermal cell

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29
Q

how are proliferative units formed

A

symmetrical divisions

30
Q

how are proliferative units modified

A

asymmetical divisions

31
Q

primitive neuroectodermal blast cells may differentiate to become:

A
  1. neuroblast
  2. glioblast
  3. ependymoblast
32
Q

peak time period of neuronal migration

A

3-5 months into gestation

33
Q

how do cells migrate to form the cerebrum

A

radial migration

34
Q

how do cells migrate to form the cerebellum

A

radial migration and tangential (sideward) migration

35
Q

cytoarchitectonic organization is based on:

A

cell types

36
Q

myeloarchitectonic organization is based on:

A

myelin staining

37
Q

layer with the most number of neurons

A

external pyramidal

38
Q

layer with the biggest neurons

A

internal pyramidal

39
Q

layer with small pyramidal cells

A

external granular

40
Q

layer with stellate cells

A

internal granular

41
Q

layers important in the primary motor cortex

A

3 and 5

internal pyramidal and external pyramidal

42
Q

layers important in the primary sensory cortex

A

4 – internal granular

43
Q

layers important in receiving impulses

A

2 and 4

external and internal granular

44
Q

layer important in visual cortex

A

4 – internal granular

45
Q

layer forming line of Gennari

A

4 - internal granular

46
Q

other name for line of Gennari

A

internal band of Baillarger

47
Q

how many layers are there in the hippocampus, and what are they

A
  1. molecular
  2. pyramidal
  3. multiform
48
Q

how many layers are in the cerebellum, and what are they

A
  1. molecular
  2. purkinjie
  3. granular
49
Q

which are outer in the cerebellum, stellate or basket cells

A

stellate cells

50
Q

concentric layers of spinal cord

A
  1. ependymal layer
  2. mantle layer - gray matter
  3. marginal layer - white matter
51
Q

why is the arrangement of gray matter and white matter different in the brain and in the spinal cord

A

different rates of migration

brain neurons migrated from paraventricular area all the way outward, spinal cord neurons did not

52
Q

basal plate - motor or sensory

A

motor

53
Q

alar plate - motor or sensory

A

sensory

54
Q

separates basal and alar plates

A

sulcus limitans

55
Q

peak time period of neuronal organization

A

5 months into gestation

56
Q

peak time period of myelination

A

birth to postnatal

57
Q

portions of meninges and spinal cord protrude through an abnormal cleft in vertebral arch caused by incomplete closure of neural folds

A

myelomeningocoele

58
Q

cerebellar herniation through spinal cord

A

Arnold Chiari malformation

59
Q

absence of brain and calvaria

A

everyone’s favorite anencephaly

60
Q

characterized by anencephaly and total spina bifida

A

craniorachischisis totalis

61
Q

caudal portion of neural tube fails to form

A

myeloschisis

62
Q

failed or incomplete forebrain separation with facial deformity

A

holoprosencephaly

63
Q

caused by abnormally slow proliferation

A

microcephaly vera

64
Q

caused by abnormally fast proliferation

A

macrocephaly vera

65
Q

schezencephaly - define

A

cleft of white matter on cortex

66
Q

lissencephaly - define

A

no gyri

67
Q

pachygyra - define

A

large cerebral folds

68
Q

micropolygyra - define

A

small, numerous gyri

69
Q

heterotropia

A

gray matter left behind in subcortical white matter

70
Q

primary disturbance

A

connections are not well formed

71
Q

dysmyelination

A

myelin sheath does not form

72
Q

demyelination

A

myelin sheath forms but is destroyed / damaged

[OS 202] A (18 decks)

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