Trans - Neuroembryology

Question 1

when does the primitive streak appear

Answer 1

day 15

Question 2

when does the neural tube appear

Answer 2

day 22

Question 3

when does the neural fold appear

Answer 3

day 20

Question 4

germ layer precursor of CNS

Answer 4

ectoderm

Question 5

result of rostral neural tube growth

Answer 5

brain

Question 6

result of caudal neural tube growth

Answer 6

spinal cord

Question 7

fusion of the neural folds begins in what region

Answer 7

cervical

Question 8

what region of the spine is the oldest

Answer 8

cervical spine

Question 9

neuroectodermal cells that are not incorporated into the tube during the course of development

Answer 9

neural crest cells

Question 10

neural crest cells may differentiate into:

Answer 10

ganglion cells

Question 11

ganglion - define

Answer 11

cluster of neuron soma found outside the brain and spinal cord

Question 12

what neuropore closes first

Answer 12

anterior neuropore

Question 13

when does the brain have 3 primary segments

Answer 13

3rd week of development

Question 14

when does the brain have 5 secondary segments

Answer 14

7th week of development

Question 15

immediate fate of prosencephalon

Answer 15

becomes telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 16

immediate fate of mesencephalon

Answer 16

remains mesencephalon

Question 17

immediate fate of rhombencephalon

Answer 17

becomes metencephalon and myelencephalon

Question 18

precursor of cerebrum

Answer 18

telencephalon

Question 19

precursor of thalamus and hypothalamus

Answer 19

diencephalon

Question 20

precursor of midbrain

Answer 20

mesencephalon

Question 21

precursor of pons and cerebellum

Answer 21

metencephalon

Question 22

precursor of medulla

Answer 22

myelencephalon

Question 23

first flexure to appear

Answer 23

cervical flexure

Question 24

cervical flexure is between

Answer 24

rhombencephalon and spinal cord

Question 25

cephalic flexure is between

Answer 25

prosencephalon and mesencephalon

Question 26

how are the cerebral hemispheres formed

Answer 26

evaginations of telencephalon

Question 27

peak time period of neuronal proliferation

Answer 27

3-4 months into gestation

Question 28

proliferation starts with what type of cell

Answer 28

primitive ectodermal cell

Question 29

how are proliferative units formed

Answer 29

symmetrical divisions

Question 30

how are proliferative units modified

Answer 30

asymmetical divisions

Question 31

primitive neuroectodermal blast cells may differentiate to become:

Answer 31

1. neuroblast 2. glioblast 3. ependymoblast

Question 32

peak time period of neuronal migration

Answer 32

3-5 months into gestation

Question 33

how do cells migrate to form the cerebrum

Answer 33

radial migration

Question 34

how do cells migrate to form the cerebellum

Answer 34

radial migration and tangential (sideward) migration

Question 35

cytoarchitectonic organization is based on:

Answer 35

cell types

Question 36

myeloarchitectonic organization is based on:

Answer 36

myelin staining

Question 37

layer with the most number of neurons

Answer 37

external pyramidal

Question 38

layer with the biggest neurons

Answer 38

internal pyramidal

Question 39

layer with small pyramidal cells

Answer 39

external granular

Question 40

layer with stellate cells

Answer 40

internal granular

Question 41

layers important in the primary motor cortex

Answer 41

3 and 5 | internal pyramidal and external pyramidal

Question 42

layers important in the primary sensory cortex

Answer 42

4 -- internal granular

Question 43

layers important in receiving impulses

Answer 43

2 and 4 | external and internal granular

Question 44

layer important in visual cortex

Answer 44

4 -- internal granular

Question 45

layer forming line of Gennari

Answer 45

4 - internal granular

Question 46

other name for line of Gennari

Answer 46

internal band of Baillarger

Question 47

how many layers are there in the hippocampus, and what are they

Answer 47

1. molecular 2. pyramidal 3. multiform

Question 48

how many layers are in the cerebellum, and what are they

Answer 48

1. molecular 2. purkinjie 3. granular

Question 49

which are outer in the cerebellum, stellate or basket cells

Answer 49

stellate cells

Question 50

concentric layers of spinal cord

Answer 50

1. ependymal layer 2. mantle layer - gray matter 3. marginal layer - white matter

Question 51

why is the arrangement of gray matter and white matter different in the brain and in the spinal cord

Answer 51

different rates of migration brain neurons migrated from paraventricular area all the way outward, spinal cord neurons did not

Question 52

basal plate - motor or sensory

Answer 52

motor

Question 53

alar plate - motor or sensory

Answer 53

sensory

Question 54

separates basal and alar plates

Answer 54

sulcus limitans

Question 55

peak time period of neuronal organization

Answer 55

5 months into gestation

Question 56

peak time period of myelination

Answer 56

birth to postnatal

Question 57

portions of meninges and spinal cord protrude through an abnormal cleft in vertebral arch caused by incomplete closure of neural folds

Answer 57

myelomeningocoele

Question 58

cerebellar herniation through spinal cord

Answer 58

Arnold Chiari malformation

Question 59

absence of brain and calvaria

Answer 59

everyone's favorite anencephaly

Question 60

characterized by anencephaly and total spina bifida

Answer 60

craniorachischisis totalis

Question 61

caudal portion of neural tube fails to form

Answer 61

myeloschisis

Question 62

failed or incomplete forebrain separation with facial deformity

Answer 62

holoprosencephaly

Question 63

caused by abnormally slow proliferation

Answer 63

microcephaly vera

Question 64

caused by abnormally fast proliferation

Answer 64

macrocephaly vera

Question 65

schezencephaly - define

Answer 65

cleft of white matter on cortex

Question 66

lissencephaly - define

Answer 66

no gyri

Question 67

pachygyra - define

Answer 67

large cerebral folds

Question 68

micropolygyra - define

Answer 68

small, numerous gyri

Question 69

heterotropia

Answer 69

gray matter left behind in subcortical white matter

Question 70

primary disturbance

Answer 70

connections are not well formed

Question 71

dysmyelination

Answer 71

myelin sheath does not form

Question 72

demyelination

Answer 72

myelin sheath forms but is destroyed / damaged