Trans - Neurological Basis of Emotion, Behavior, Cognition

Question 1

nonspecific response of the body to any demand

Answer 1

stress

Question 2

most extreme form of stress

Answer 2

traumatic stress

Question 3

trauma - define

Answer 3

life event that causes extreme stress

Question 4

HPA response to stress

Answer 4

1. hypothalamus releases Corticotropic releasing hormone
2. CRH stimulates pituitary
3. pituitary secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone, opiods, melatonin
4. ACTH stimulates adrenal cortex
5. adrenal cortex stimulates glucocorticoids that induce hypersensitive state

Question 5

HPA response to stress - what does hypothalamus secrete

Answer 5

corticotrophic releasing hormone

Question 6

HPA response to stress - what does pituitary secrete

Answer 6

ACTH

Question 7

HPA response to stress - how is it regulated

Answer 7

negative feedback

Question 8

function of tonic dopamine levels

Answer 8

maintenance, wakefulness, arousal

Question 9

function of dopamine surge

Answer 9

extreme pleasure

Question 10

stimuli of dopamine surge

Answer 10

novelty, element of surprise

Question 11

long term storage of pleasurable experiences

Answer 11

cortical memory

Question 12

dopamine - source

Answer 12

ventral tegmental area

Question 13

D2, D3, D4 receptor - where located, what function

Answer 13

in nucleus accumbens, allows limbic system to invoke pleasure

Question 14

D1, D5 receptor - where located, what function

Answer 14

in frontal cortex, allows for cortical memory of pleasurable states

Question 15

part of the brain which perceives fear

Answer 15

amygdala

Question 16

fear - physiological manifestations

Answer 16

sweating, faster heartbeat, high BP, adrenaline rush

Question 17

responsible for autonomic responses to anger and predatory aggression

Answer 17

lateral thalamus

Question 18

responsible for coping behavior and defensive aggregation

Answer 18

periaqueductal gray matter

Question 19

the things we most remember are those which are associated with:

Answer 19

emotions

Question 20

responsible for thinking

Answer 20

frontal lobe

Question 21

memory - involves:

Answer 21

recording, storage, recall

Question 22

thinking - involves

Answer 22

executive function, planning, organizing

Question 23

process that enhances glutaminergic ability

Answer 23

sleep

Question 24

structure involved in consolidation of memory, spatial recognition, verbal memory

Answer 24

hippocampus

Question 25

state dependent recall - define

Answer 25

when a current internal state replicates the internal state produced during a previous event, details associated with that event may be spontaneously recalled or set into motion

Question 26

declarative memory - define

Answer 26

conscious memory, involves cognition and facts, verbal/semantic description

Question 27

nondeclarative memory - define

Answer 27

unconscious memory, involves emotion and automatic processes/skills

Question 28

declarative memory - what structure involved

Answer 28

hippocampus

Question 29

nondeclarative memory - what structure involved

Answer 29

amygdala

Question 30

[T/F] declarative memory is suppressed in trauma

Answer 30

T

Question 31

ability of individual organisms to understand others as beings like themselves who have intentional and mental lives of their own

Answer 31

social cognition

Question 32

mirror neurons - explain the concept

Answer 32

structures in the brain that become active when a person executes an act, and later observes the same act being executed by another

Question 33

mirror neurons - importance

Answer 33

for empathy and understanding of others

Question 34

what structure secretes serotonin

Answer 34

median raphe

Question 35

serotonin - function

Answer 35

involved in unusual states of pleasure

Question 36

what structure secretes noradrenaline

Answer 36

locus ceruleus

Question 37

glutamate - function

Answer 37

involved in learning and memory