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[OS 202] A > Trans - Neurohistology > Flashcards

Trans - Neurohistology Flashcards

1
Q

2 main types of cells in neural tissue

A
  1. neurons

2. neuroglia

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2
Q

appearance of neuron under microscope

A

dark staining cytoplasm, pale staining nucleus with prominent nucleolus, prominent Golgi complex

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3
Q

central region in the cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus

A

perikaryon

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4
Q

Nissl bodies - define

A

clumps of basophilic material in the perikaryon

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5
Q

dendrite - function

A

receive input

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6
Q

axon - function

A

transmit output

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7
Q

differentiate dendrite and axon

A

dendrites are short, numerous and branched

axons are long, single, and unbranched

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8
Q

cortical extension of the soma into the axon

A

axon hillock

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9
Q

end of the axon

A

terminal bouton

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10
Q

rope-like intertwining component of cytoskeleton

A

microfilament

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11
Q

component of cytoskeleton resembling a spiderweb

A

intermediate filaments

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12
Q

what are the most prominent components of the cytoskeleton

A

microtubules

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13
Q

microtubules - function

A

transport of vesicles from golgi body to terminal bouton

organelle movement

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14
Q

what produces the myelin sheath in the CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

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15
Q

what produces the myelin sheath in the PNS

A

schwann cells

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16
Q

myelin sheaths are better observed using:

A

osmium fixation

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17
Q

unipolar neurons - appearance

A

one axon, no dendrites

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18
Q

unipolar neurons - where are they found

A

embryonic CNS

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19
Q

pseudo unipolar neurons - appearance

A

dendrites branch friom the axon

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20
Q

pseudo unipolar neurons - examples

A

sensory neurons

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21
Q

what type of neuron is the most susceptible to injury

A

pseudo unipolar neuron

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22
Q

bipolar neuron - appearance

A

2 processes on opposite ends of the soma - axon on one side, dendrites on the other

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23
Q

bipolar neuron - examples

A

neurons which transmit special senses (retina, olfactory, etc)

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24
Q

multipolar neuron - appearance

A

many cytoplasmic processes, only one axon

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25
Q

multipolar neuron - examples

A

pyramidal cells, purkinjie cells

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26
Q

2 types of multipolar neuron

A
  1. Golgi type 1

2. Golgi type 2

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27
Q

what type of neuron is the most common (structure-wise)

A

multipolar neurons

28
Q

Golgi type 2 - appearance

A

have locally projecting axons (remain in grey matter of cerebrum)

29
Q

Golgi type 1 - appearance

A

have long projecting axons (ex. pyramidal cells)

30
Q

what type of neuron is the most common (function-wise)

A

interneurons

31
Q

layers of the cerebral cortex

A
  1. molecular layer
  2. external granular
  3. external pyramidal
  4. internal granular
  5. internal pyramidal
  6. multiform layer
32
Q

molecular layer - characteristics

A

no neuron soma - dendrites and axons only

33
Q

external granular layer - characteristics

A

with small pyramidal neurons

34
Q

shape of granular neurons

A

stellate

35
Q

external pyramidal layer - characteristics

A

with small-medium pyramidal neurons

36
Q

what layer is the main source of cortical-cortical efferent fibers of the motor system

A

external pyramidal layer

37
Q

internal granular layer - characteristics

A

with stellate and pyramidal neurons

38
Q

what layer is the main target for thalamocortical afferent fibers

A

internal granular

39
Q

line of Gennari - what lobe

A

occipital

40
Q

line of Gennari - what layer

A

internal granular (4th)

41
Q

internal pyramidal layer - characteristics

A

with large pyramidal neurons

42
Q

example of large pyramidal neuron

A

Betz cells

43
Q

what layer is the principal source of subcortical efferent fibers and the corticospinal tract

A

internal pyramidal

44
Q

what layer is responsible for the reciprocal connections to and from the thalamus

A

multiform

45
Q

multiform layer - characteristics

A

with large pyramidal neurons, spindle like neurons, multiform neurons

46
Q

how can astrocytes be seen more clearly (stain)

A

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) stain

47
Q

fibrous astrocyte - function

A

sends foot processes involed in BBB

48
Q

protoplasmic astrocytes - function

A

processes envelop synapses for nutrition, regulation, and support

49
Q

differentiate astrocyte from neuron under the microscope

A

astrocyte has dark staining nucleus

50
Q

oligodendroglia - function

A

myelination

51
Q

approx. how many axons does an oligodendrocyte myelinate

A

50

52
Q

microglia - function

A

phagocytic cells of CNS - engulf pathogens and foreign material, clean up remnants of physiological cell death

53
Q

ependymal cells - shape

A

cuboidal

54
Q

ependymal cells - function

A

lining of ventricles and CSF canals, involved in movement of CSF

55
Q

[T/F] ependymal cells are ciliated

A

T

56
Q

number of layers in hippocampus

A

3

57
Q

which layers are in hippocampus

A
  1. molecular
  2. granular
  3. pyramidal
58
Q

number of layers in cerebellum

A

3

59
Q

what layers are in cerebellum

A
  1. molecular
  2. Purkinjie
  3. granular
60
Q

approx how many axons does a Schwann cell myelinate

A

1

61
Q

Schwann cell - function

A

myelination of axons

repair of damaged axons

62
Q

what is the neuropil

A

neurons and neuroglia

63
Q

appearance of oligodendrocytes under microscope

A

fried eggs

64
Q

cells in anterior horn of spinal cord

A

large pyramidal neurons

65
Q

cells in white matter of spinal cord (other than neurons)

A

oligodendrocytes

[OS 202] A (18 decks)

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