Trans - Neuroradiology

Question 1

radiology is (1)__________, while pathology is (2)______

Answer 1

1. presumptive

2. definitive

Question 2

X ray - mechanism

Answer 2

exposure to small dose of ionizing radiation, xray photons are absorbed/attenuated by denser substances (e.g. bones)

Question 3

CT scan - mechanism

Answer 3

same as xray, divides body into cuts

Question 4

advantages of CT scan

Answer 4

1. good for bone
2. more comprehensive than xray
3. more convenient than MRI

Question 5

disadvantages of CT scan

Answer 5

1. limited demonstration of soft tissue
2. radiation
3. IV contrast may be harmful to patients with kidney problems

Question 6

MRI - mechanism

Answer 6

uses radio waves and magnetic field to agitate protons

each substance has a different relaxation time, resulting to differing appearance of tissue

Question 7

what is used to generate contrast in MRI

Answer 7

endogenous H+ (protons)

Question 8

advantages of MRI

Answer 8

1. higher resolution
2. higher sensitivity
3. multiplanar capability

Question 9

T1 MRI - appearance of water

Answer 9

water is dark

Question 10

T2 MRI - appearance of water

Answer 10

water is bright

Question 11

functional MRI - purpose

Answer 11

light up parts of the brain involved in certain activities

Question 12

functional MRI needs this substance

Answer 12

glucose injection

Question 13

angiography - purpose

Answer 13

map vascular structures

Question 14

angiography - where is the catheter inserted

Answer 14

femoral artery

Question 15

angiography - good for checking:

Answer 15

1. aneurysms
2. stroke
3. hemorrhage

Question 16

gold standard in angiography

Answer 16

digital subtraction angiography

Question 17

digital subtraction angiography - special features

Answer 17

only blood vessels are seen, no other structures

Question 18

standard test for neuro in other countries

Answer 18

CT scan

Question 19

standard test for neuro in the Philippines

Answer 19

Xray

Question 20

[T/F] normal meninges are clearly seen in radiography

Answer 20

F

Question 21

characteristics of epidural hematoma in radiography

Answer 21

1. convex/spindle shape

2. does not go beyond cranial sutures

Question 22

characteristics of subdural hematoma in radiography

Answer 22

1. lentiform shape

2. goes beyond cranial sutures

Question 23

characteristics of subarachnoid hemorrhage in radiography

Answer 23

1. follows shape of sulci and gyri

Question 24

Schwannoma - define

Answer 24

benign nerve sheath tumor

Question 25

technique used to image and create colored models of different white matter tracts in the CNS

Answer 25

Diffusion tensor imaging