Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

[OS 202] A > Trans - Diencephalon > Flashcards

Trans - Diencephalon Flashcards

1
Q

components of diencephalon

A
  1. epithalamus
  2. thalamus
  3. subthalamus
  4. hypothalamus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ventricle associated with the diencephalon

A

3rd ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

relationship of epithalamus with 3rd ventricle

A

epithalamus forms the roof of the 3rd ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pineal gland - function

A

produces melatonin that modulates the sleep-wake cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pineal gland - substance produced

A

melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pineal gland is active during periods of:

A

darkness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pineal gland - importance in radiology

A

gland accumulates calcium (radiopaque), important marker for midline of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

massa intermedia - define

A

interthalamic adhesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

percentage of people with massa intermedia

A

70-80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

massa intermedia - function

A

no known function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

habenula - function

A

may be a center for integration of olfactory, visceral, and somatic afferent pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

stria medullaris - define

A

horizontal ridge on the medial surface of the thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

subthalamic nucleus of Luys - function

A

inhibits uncontrolled movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

structure immediately anterior to thalamus

A

interventricular foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

structure immediately posterior to thalamus

A

posterior commissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

structure immediately lateral to thalamus

A

internal capsule (posterior limb)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

structure immediately superior to thalamus

A

part of lateral ventricle floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

thalamus - function

A
  1. translates prethalamic inputs into a form which can be interpreted by the cortex
  2. process sensory inputs
  3. relays sensory inputs selectively to areas in the cortex
  4. regulates sleep and consciousness
  5. provides sensory feedback to motor system, basal ganglia, cerebellum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what subdivides the thalamus

A

internal medullary lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

thalamus - anterior nucleus - function

A

uncertain, probably memory and emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

thalamus - anterior nucleus - major input from:

A
  1. mammillary nuclei

2. presubiculum of hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

thalamus - anterior nucleus - has connections with:

A
  1. cingulate gyrus

2. frontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

thalamus - medial group - which nuclei are present

A

dorsomedial nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

thalamus - dorsomedial nucleus - connections with:

A

prefrontal cortex

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

thalamus - dorsomedial nucleus - function

A

memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

thalamus - pulvinar - subdivivisons and projections

A
  1. lateral - visual cortical association areas
  2. inferior - visual cortical association areas
  3. oral - somatosensory cortical association areas
  4. medial - cingulate, posterior parietal, prefrontal cortices
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

thalamus - pulvinar - function

A

main integrator and coordinator of stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

thalamus - lateral geniculate nucleus - function

A

optic radiation, connects optic tract with primary visual cortex in occipital lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

thalamus - medial geniculate nucleus - function

A

auditory thalamus, relays auditory information from inferior colliculus to primary auditory cortex in superior temporal gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what type of sensory signal is not directly processed by the thalamus

A

olfactory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

thalamus - ventral lateral nucleus - major input from:

A
  1. substantia nigra
  2. globus pallidus
  3. cerebellum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

thalamus - ventral lateral nucleus - function

A

learning of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

thalamus - ventral lateral nucleus - major output to:

A

primary motor cortex

34
Q

thalamus - ventral anterior nucleus - major input from:

A
  1. substantia nigra

2. globus pallidus

35
Q

thalamus - ventral anterior nucleus - major output to:

A

supplementary motor cortex

36
Q

thalamus - ventral anterior nucleus - function

A

planning movements - inhibition of unwanted movement, facilitation of wanted movement

37
Q

thalamus - ventral posteromedial nucleus - function

A

relay facial sensation to somatosensory cortex

38
Q

thalamus - ventral posterolateral nucleus - function

A

relay sensation from body to somatosensory cortex

39
Q

structure immediately anterior to hypothalamus

A

optic chiasm & anterior commissure

40
Q

structure immediately posterior to hypothalamus

A

mammillary bodies

41
Q

structure immediately superior to hypothalamus

A

hypothalamic sulci

42
Q

structure immediately inferior to hypothalamus

A

hypophysis

43
Q

epiphysis

A

pineal gland

44
Q

hypophysis

A

pituitary gland

45
Q

posterior pituitary

A

neurohypophysis (pars nervosa)

46
Q

anterior pituitary

A

adenohypophysis (Rathke’s pouch)

47
Q

most rostral region of hypothalamus

A

preoptic

48
Q

most caudal region of hypothalamus

A

posterior

49
Q

what structure divides the hypothalamus into 3 parasagittal zones

A

fornix

50
Q

dorsal longitudinal fasciculus is associated with what zone of the hypophysis

A

periventricular

51
Q

thalamus - 3 diffuse projection nuclei

A
  1. intralaminar nuclei
  2. midline nuclei
  3. reticular nuclei
52
Q

thalamus - intralaminar nuclei - example

A

centromedial nucleus

53
Q

thalamus - centromedial nucleus - function

A

believed to influence consciousness, alertness, arousal

54
Q

thalamus - midline nuclei - function

A

unknown

55
Q

thalamus - reticular nuclei - function

A

regulation of other thalamic nuclei

56
Q

what is the only thalamic nucleus that sends inhibitory input to other thalamic nuclei

A

reticular nucleus

57
Q

hypothalamus - functions

A
  1. controls BP and electrolyte balance
  2. regulates temparature
  3. regulates energy metabolism - feeding, digestion, metabolic rate
  4. regulates reproduction
  5. directs responses to stress
58
Q

hypothalamus - nucleus that mediates heat dissipation

A

anterior nucleus

59
Q

hypothalamus - lesions in anterior nucleus may cause

A

hypothermia

60
Q

hypothalamus - nucleus that mediates heat conservation

A

posterior nucleus

61
Q

hypothalamus - lesions in posterior nucleus may cause

A

hypothermia when animal is placed in a cold environment

62
Q

hypothalamus - nuclei that are sensitive to sex hormones

A
  1. preoptic nucleus

2. ventromedial nucleus

63
Q

hypothalamus - lesions in preoptic or ventromedial nuclei may cause

A

menstrual cycle disturbance or precocious puberty

64
Q

hypothalamus - nucleus that mediates circadian rhythm

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus

65
Q

hypothalamus - nucleus that induces sleep

A

preoptic nucleus

66
Q

hypothalamus - nuclei involved in cortical arousal

A
  1. lateral nucleus

2. posterior nucleus

67
Q

hypothalamus - satiety center

A
  1. ventromedial nucleus

2. paraventricular nucleus

68
Q

hypothalamus - lesion in ventromedial or paraventricular nuclei may cause

A

hyperphagia and obseity

69
Q

hypothalamus - feeding center

A

lateral nuclei

70
Q

hypothalamus - lesion in lateral nuclei may cause

A

aphagia and starvation

71
Q

hypothalamus - 2 types of cells in paraventricular nucleus

A
  1. parvocellular

2. magnocellular

72
Q

parvocellular neurons - characteristics

A
  1. medially - secrete hypothalamic releasing hormones (TRH, GHRH, CRH, GnRH, PRH)
  2. dorsally and ventrally - project and autonomically control medulla and spinal cord
73
Q

magnocellular neurons - characteristics

A

control endocrine function by secreting vasopresin and oxytocin into the pars nervosa

74
Q

secretion of magnocellular neurons

A

vasopresin, oxytocin

75
Q

magnocellular neurons secrete their products into:

A

posterior pituitary

76
Q

mammillary bodies - define

A

small round bodies on the ventral brain surface, part of hypothalamus

77
Q

hypothalamus - anterior nucleus - sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

parasympathetic (heat dissipation –> vasodilation and sweating)

78
Q

hypothalamus - posterior nucleus - sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

sympathetic (heat conservation –> vasoconstriction and shivering)

79
Q

hypothalamus - nuclei involved in water balance

A

supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

80
Q

substance secreted by hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

A

ADH

81
Q

hypothalamus - nucleus responsible for rage responses

A

ventromedial nucleus

82
Q

hypothalamus - nucleus responsible for somnolence

A

dorsolateral mammillary region (via ARAS)

[OS 202] A (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions