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[OS 202] A > Trans - Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Trans - Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

SC reaches to what level in 3rd fetal moth

A

coccyx

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2
Q

SC reaches to what level at birth

A

L3

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3
Q

SC reaches to what level in adult

A

L2

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4
Q

dura mater merging with filum terminale

A

thecal sac

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5
Q

arachnoid mater ends at what level

A

S2

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6
Q

denticulate ligament - from what layer? function?

A

from pia mater, anchors SC to outer layers

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7
Q

regions of SC

A 
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal
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8
Q

what spinal nerves emerge above corresponding vertebral segments?

A

C1-C7

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9
Q

what spinal nerves emerge below what corresponding vertebral segments?

A

C8-most caudal spinal nerve

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10
Q

cervical enlargement supplies what region

A

upper limbs

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11
Q

lumbosacral enlargement supplies what region

A

lower limbs

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12
Q

tapered end of spinal cord

A

conus medullaris

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13
Q

conus medullaris ends at what level

A

L1

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14
Q

cauda equina is composed of:

A

lumbosacral nerve roots

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15
Q

which nerve roots are involved in the cauda equina

A

L2 to S5

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16
Q

pia mater that connects the conus medullaris with the thecal sac

A

filum terminale

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17
Q

filum terminale ends at what level

A

S1

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18
Q

thecal sac ends at what level

A

S1

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19
Q

location of gray matter in SC central canal

A

medial

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20
Q

location of white matter in SC central canal

A

lateral

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21
Q

sensory nerve root - dorsal or ventral

A

dorsal

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22
Q

motor nerve root - dorsal or ventral

A

ventral

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23
Q

sulcus involved with dorsal nerve root

A

posterolateral sulcus

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24
Q

sulvus involved with ventral nerve root

A

anterolateral sulcus

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25
Q

sulcus between posteromedian and posterolateral sulci

A

posterointermediate sulcus

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26
Q

at what level is the posterointermediate sulcus located?

A

cervical and thoracic

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27
Q

subdivisions of the gray matter in the SC

A
  1. anterior gray horn
  2. posterior gray horn
  3. lateral gray horn
  4. gray commissures
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28
Q

what neurons are in the posterior gray horn

A

somatic and visceral sensory neurons

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29
Q

what neurons are in the anterior gray horn

A

somatic motor neurons

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30
Q

what neurons are in the lateral gray horn

A

visceral motor neurons

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31
Q

the visceral motor neurons in the lateral gray horn are found in what region

A

cervical and upper lumbar

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32
Q

size of anterior gray horn by regions - arrange from largest to smallest. why this arrangement

A

lumbosacral > cervical > thoracic

anterior gray horn –> motor. regions with the most muscles have the thicker anterior gray horns

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33
Q

gray commissures - function

A

conduct decussating axons for cross reflexes

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34
Q

rexed lamina 1 - function

A

sensory - pain to thalamus

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35
Q

rexed lamina 2,3 - function

A

afferent input to spinal cord (e.g. pain gating)

36
Q

substantia gelatinosa

A

rexed lamina 2, 3

37
Q

rexed lamina 4,5,6

A

proprioceptive input and sensory information

38
Q

most important sensory rexed lamina

39
Q

rexed lamina 9 - function

A

involved in motor control of limbs

40
Q

rexed lamina 10 - function

A

surrounds central canal, contains neurons that decussate to the contralateral side

41
Q

funiculus - define

A

column of white matter

42
Q

how many funiculi are in the SC

43
Q

funiculi in the SC

A

2 anterior funiculi
2 lateral funiculi
2 posterior funiculi

44
Q

function of ascending tract

A

conduct afferent signals to brain

45
Q

function of descending tract

A

conduct efferent signals to effectors

46
Q

3 nerve coverings

A
  1. endoneurium
  2. perineurium
  3. epineurium
47
Q

endoneurium covers what

A

individual nerve fiber

48
Q

perineurium covers what

A

nerve fasciculus

49
Q

epineurium covers what

50
Q

1st order neuron - function

A

deliver peripheral sensation to SC

51
Q

1st order neuron - where is the soma located

A

root ganglion

52
Q

2nd order neuron - function

A

interneuron, conduct impulse to thalamus or cerebellum

53
Q

2nd order neuron - where is the soma located

A

SC or brain

54
Q

3rd order neuron - function

A

conduct impulse from thalamus to cortex

55
Q

anterior spinothalamic tract - what type of stimuli

A

fine touch

56
Q

lateral spinothalamic tract - what type of stimuli

A

pain, temperature

57
Q

dorsal column tracts - what type of stimuli

A

proprioception and vibration

58
Q

somatotrophic arrangement - define

A

arrangement of sensory tracts according to site of origin

59
Q

medial-lateral rule

A

neurons from lower levels are more medial in the SC

neurons from higher levels are more lateral in the SC

60
Q

2 components of dorsal column tract

A
  1. fasciculus gracilis

2. fasciculus cuneatus

61
Q

fasciculus gracilis - function

A

conduct somatic sense from lower limb

62
Q

fasciculus cuneatus - function

A

conduct somatic sense from upper limb

63
Q

spinothalamic tracts - what type of stimuli

A

pain, temperature, fine touch

64
Q

spinocerebellar tract - what type of stimuli

A

proprioception

65
Q

differentiate somatic and autonomic nervous systems

A

somatic is voluntary, contracts only skeletal muscles

autonomic is involuntary, directs glands, smooth muscles, cardiac muscle

66
Q

2 major descending tracts

A
  1. corticospinal tract

2. subconscious tract

67
Q

corticospinal tract - type of signal

A

somatic motor

68
Q

corticobulbar tract - type of signal, where transmitted

A

somatic motor signals to face

69
Q

lateral corticospinal tract - type of signal, where transmitted

A

somatic motor signals to limbs

70
Q

anterior corticospinal tract - type of signal, where transmitted

A

somatic motor signals to axial muscles

71
Q

subconscious tract - type of signal

A

visceral motor

72
Q

subconscious tract - function

A

balance, muscle tone, eye, hand and limb position

73
Q

vestibulospinal tract - function

A

response to input from inner ear (balance)

74
Q

tectospinal tract - function

A

response to sudden stimuli

75
Q

tectospinal tract - originates in

A

corpora quadrigemina

76
Q

reticulospinal tract - function

A

eye movement and tone of respiratory muscles

77
Q

rubrospinal tract - function

A

involved in flexor and extensor muscles

78
Q

significance of dermatomal regions

A

each dermatomal region is innervated by a single pair of spinal nerves

79
Q

anterior spinal artery supplies:

A

anterior 2/3 of spinal cord

80
Q

each posterior spinal artery supplies:

A

half of posterior 1/3 of spinal cord

81
Q

arteries that pass through intervertebral foramina to supply nerve roots

A

radicular arteries

82
Q

arteries that supply roots and spinal cord

A

radiculomedullary arteries

83
Q

the internal venous plexus and radicular veins drain into:

A

intervertebral veins

84
Q

Artery of Adamkiewicz - at what level is it found

A

commonly on the left side between T8 and L1

85
Q

Artery of Adamkiewicz supplies:

A

lumbar and sacral SC

[OS 202] A (18 decks)

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