Trans - Spinal Cord Flashcards
1
Q
SC reaches to what level in 3rd fetal moth
A
coccyx
2
Q
SC reaches to what level at birth
A
L3
3
Q
SC reaches to what level in adult
A
L2
4
Q
dura mater merging with filum terminale
A
thecal sac
5
Q
arachnoid mater ends at what level
A
S2
6
Q
denticulate ligament - from what layer? function?
A
from pia mater, anchors SC to outer layers
7
Q
regions of SC
A
cervical thoracic lumbar sacral coccygeal
8
Q
what spinal nerves emerge above corresponding vertebral segments?
A
C1-C7
9
Q
what spinal nerves emerge below what corresponding vertebral segments?
A
C8-most caudal spinal nerve
10
Q
cervical enlargement supplies what region
A
upper limbs
11
Q
lumbosacral enlargement supplies what region
A
lower limbs
12
Q
tapered end of spinal cord
A
conus medullaris
13
Q
conus medullaris ends at what level
A
L1
14
Q
cauda equina is composed of:
A
lumbosacral nerve roots
15
Q
which nerve roots are involved in the cauda equina
A
L2 to S5
16
Q
pia mater that connects the conus medullaris with the thecal sac
A
filum terminale
17
Q
filum terminale ends at what level
A
S1
18
Q
thecal sac ends at what level
A
S1
19
Q
location of gray matter in SC central canal
A
medial
20
Q
location of white matter in SC central canal
A
lateral
21
Q
sensory nerve root - dorsal or ventral
A
dorsal
22
Q
motor nerve root - dorsal or ventral
A
ventral
23
Q
sulcus involved with dorsal nerve root
A
posterolateral sulcus
24
Q
sulvus involved with ventral nerve root
A
anterolateral sulcus
25
sulcus between posteromedian and posterolateral sulci
posterointermediate sulcus
26
at what level is the posterointermediate sulcus located?
cervical and thoracic
27
subdivisions of the gray matter in the SC
1. anterior gray horn
2. posterior gray horn
3. lateral gray horn
4. gray commissures
28
what neurons are in the posterior gray horn
somatic and visceral sensory neurons
29
what neurons are in the anterior gray horn
somatic motor neurons
30
what neurons are in the lateral gray horn
visceral motor neurons
31
the visceral motor neurons in the lateral gray horn are found in what region
cervical and upper lumbar
32
size of anterior gray horn by regions - arrange from largest to smallest. why this arrangement
lumbosacral > cervical > thoracic
anterior gray horn --> motor. regions with the most muscles have the thicker anterior gray horns
33
gray commissures - function
conduct decussating axons for cross reflexes
34
rexed lamina 1 - function
sensory - pain to thalamus
35
rexed lamina 2,3 - function
afferent input to spinal cord (e.g. pain gating)
36
substantia gelatinosa
rexed lamina 2, 3
37
rexed lamina 4,5,6
proprioceptive input and sensory information
38
most important sensory rexed lamina
lamina 6
39
rexed lamina 9 - function
involved in motor control of limbs
40
rexed lamina 10 - function
surrounds central canal, contains neurons that decussate to the contralateral side
41
funiculus - define
column of white matter
42
how many funiculi are in the SC
6
43
funiculi in the SC
2 anterior funiculi
2 lateral funiculi
2 posterior funiculi
44
function of ascending tract
conduct afferent signals to brain
45
function of descending tract
conduct efferent signals to effectors
46
3 nerve coverings
1. endoneurium
2. perineurium
3. epineurium
47
endoneurium covers what
individual nerve fiber
48
perineurium covers what
nerve fasciculus
49
epineurium covers what
nerve
50
1st order neuron - function
deliver peripheral sensation to SC
51
1st order neuron - where is the soma located
root ganglion
52
2nd order neuron - function
interneuron, conduct impulse to thalamus or cerebellum
53
2nd order neuron - where is the soma located
SC or brain
54
3rd order neuron - function
conduct impulse from thalamus to cortex
55
anterior spinothalamic tract - what type of stimuli
fine touch
56
lateral spinothalamic tract - what type of stimuli
pain, temperature
57
dorsal column tracts - what type of stimuli
proprioception and vibration
58
somatotrophic arrangement - define
arrangement of sensory tracts according to site of origin
59
medial-lateral rule
neurons from lower levels are more medial in the SC
neurons from higher levels are more lateral in the SC
60
2 components of dorsal column tract
1. fasciculus gracilis
| 2. fasciculus cuneatus
61
fasciculus gracilis - function
conduct somatic sense from lower limb
62
fasciculus cuneatus - function
conduct somatic sense from upper limb
63
spinothalamic tracts - what type of stimuli
pain, temperature, fine touch
64
spinocerebellar tract - what type of stimuli
proprioception
65
differentiate somatic and autonomic nervous systems
somatic is voluntary, contracts only skeletal muscles
autonomic is involuntary, directs glands, smooth muscles, cardiac muscle
66
2 major descending tracts
1. corticospinal tract
| 2. subconscious tract
67
corticospinal tract - type of signal
somatic motor
68
corticobulbar tract - type of signal, where transmitted
somatic motor signals to face
69
lateral corticospinal tract - type of signal, where transmitted
somatic motor signals to limbs
70
anterior corticospinal tract - type of signal, where transmitted
somatic motor signals to axial muscles
71
subconscious tract - type of signal
visceral motor
72
subconscious tract - function
balance, muscle tone, eye, hand and limb position
73
vestibulospinal tract - function
response to input from inner ear (balance)
74
tectospinal tract - function
response to sudden stimuli
75
tectospinal tract - originates in
corpora quadrigemina
76
reticulospinal tract - function
eye movement and tone of respiratory muscles
77
rubrospinal tract - function
involved in flexor and extensor muscles
78
significance of dermatomal regions
each dermatomal region is innervated by a single pair of spinal nerves
79
anterior spinal artery supplies:
anterior 2/3 of spinal cord
80
each posterior spinal artery supplies:
half of posterior 1/3 of spinal cord
81
arteries that pass through intervertebral foramina to supply nerve roots
radicular arteries
82
arteries that supply roots and spinal cord
radiculomedullary arteries
83
the internal venous plexus and radicular veins drain into:
intervertebral veins
84
Artery of Adamkiewicz - at what level is it found
commonly on the left side between T8 and L1
85
Artery of Adamkiewicz supplies:
lumbar and sacral SC
