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HEM TEST 2024 > Tranfusion Facts > Flashcards

Tranfusion Facts Flashcards

1
Q

FNHTR

A

1st/2nd most common
Cytokines
Leukoreduction

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2
Q

Leukoreduction pre/post storage

A

Post storage less effective but cheaper

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3
Q

TACO

A

Common
Slower infusion and diuretics
Most common cause of death

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4
Q

TRALI

A

Less than 6 hours from transfusion
Activation of neutrophils in lung
Ab to HLA (HNA less common)
1st hit of priming to TRALI (infection, cancer)
Neutropenia (relative)
Plasma multipara women is a risk factor

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5
Q

AHTR

A

ABO incompatibility
30% mortality

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6
Q

Pot transfusion purpura

A

Women that are HPA1A negative
Ab against HPA1A
7-10 days post transfusion
Tx IVIG Steroids
Prevention- HPA1A negative platelets

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7
Q

Bacterial contamination type in PLT

A

Gram positive in platelets

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8
Q

Hypocalcemia post transfusion

A

Citrate
Massive transfusion

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9
Q

Delayed hemolytic reaction prevention methods

A

Rh Kell matched blood mainly in pts requiring many blood transfusions or AIHA
Leukoreduction to reduce APC
reduce possibility for future ab

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10
Q

Blood group A carbohydrate

A

N-acetylgalactosamin
AcetylglacrosAmin

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11
Q

Blood group B carbohydrate

A

D-galactose
B=D
Galaxy B

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12
Q

Reasons of lack of natural antibodies to A,B

A

Neonates and elderly
Hypo/aglubolinemia

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13
Q

Reasons of excessive antibodies to A,B

A

Allo/auto-antibodies
Tx with non ABO matched plasma products
Paraprotein
Passenger Lymphocytes

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14
Q

Bombay phenotype blood

A

Lack of H antigen
resembles O but can receive only transfusions from Bombay donors

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15
Q

passenger lymphocyte syndrome

A

Lymphocytes of donor causing homolysis of pts RBCs

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16
Q

acquired B antigen

A

pts with group A
during infection with GNR
bacteria changes A to resmble B
But with no hemolysis
causing ABO discrepancy
Cells will not react with Anti-B serum

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17
Q

Weak D antigen

A

Qunatitive defects in D
all epitopes exist
donor and neonate must be classified as D+ bcs they can cause Ab developement in receipient
Blood receipient and pregnant women- considered D- bcs giving them D+ blood may cause Ab
Genentic tesiting available

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18
Q

Partial D variant

A

Loss of antigens on D (Qualititive)
common in blacks
Discovered when D+ pts develop Ab
No rutine way to diagnose

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19
Q

Ab development % to minor blood types depending on disease

A

30% in SCD, Thalasemia and AIHA
0% in ALL

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20
Q

Leukoreductionof blood products benefit

A

FNHTR
CMV
alloimmunization to HLA (PLT refractoriness)

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21
Q

Irradiation of blood product benefit

A

GVHD

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22
Q

Washing of blood product benefit

A

Allergic reactions

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23
Q

Enzyme effect on RBC antigens

A

Allows better determination of antigens after antibody panel

24
Q

Elution

A

Lysis of RBC covered with Ab allows isolating auto antibodies from the eashed allo antibodies

25
Q

How to deal with Dara interference

A

Phnotype
Genotype
DTT treated RBCs

26
Q

Which minor blood groups are significant when allo antibodies are present

A

Kell
Kidd

27
Q

HDFN

A

IgG of mother causing hemolysis in newborn
usually 2nd pregnancy
mother O, newboen A, B
mild jaundice

28
Q

Maternal anti-D titer significance

A

Predicts HDFN

29
Q

Maternal anti-kell titer significance

A

Titer>4 with very high risk of HDFN

30
Q

Tx of severe HDFN

A

Intra uterine tansfusion- if signs of hydrops
IVIG
FU with MCA doppler

31
Q

Tests for women with clinically relevant Ab during pregnancy

A

Paternal phenotype
FU every 2-4 weeks

32
Q

CPDA-1 vs SAG-M storage

A

CPDA1 35d. Hct 75-80%
SAG-M 42d, Hct 60%

C = concentrated
S = storage

33
Q

LTOWB vs PC

A

Improves 24h mortality in trauma pts

34
Q

Novel therpaies in transfusion medicine

A

Enzyme converted “O” cells (ECO)
Stelath cells (PEG covered cells that do not echibit there antigens)

35
Q

Acute immune mediated trasfusion reactions

A

AHTR (intravascular-ABO, extravascular- Rh)
Anaphlaxis, mild allergic reaction
TRALI
FNHTR

36
Q

Delayed immune mediated trasfusion reactions

A

Delayed hemolysis
TRIM
TA-GVHD
Post transfusion purpura

37
Q

Acute non-immune mediated trasfusion reactions

A

TACO
Metabolic

38
Q

Delayed non-immune mediated trasfusion reactions

A

Iron oveload

39
Q

Allergic transfusion reaction cause and prevention

A

Plasma proteins
Washing

40
Q

Transfusion relatd mortlity cause

A

TACO
Delay in transfusion

41
Q

TRALI moratlity %

A

5-10%

42
Q

TA-GVHD timing

A

8-10 post transfusion

43
Q

TA-GVHD clinial menifstations

A

Similar to acute GVHD + pancytiopenia

44
Q

TA-GVHD moratality %

A

90-95% !!

45
Q

Risk factiors for TA-GVHD

A

blood donation from realtives
HLA- matched PLT
immundefficiecny

46
Q

TRALI prevention

A

Plasma male donors
Leukoreduction, Washing

47
Q

Liberal vs restrictive blood transfusion after cardiac surgery

A

Liberal with less mortality at 90 days in one study and non-inferior in another study
TITRe2 vs TRICS III

48
Q

PLT transfusion thresholds before procedures

A

Surgery- 50K
Neurosurgery- 100K
LP- 75K

49
Q

PLT transfusion benefit before CVC placement

A

less bleeding in non tunneled catheters

50
Q

PLT refractoriness definition

A

<5K increament

51
Q

Hemostatic levels of FXIII

A

5%

52
Q

Tx of FXIII def

A

Fibrogrammin 1/month

53
Q

Plavix effectiveness levels

A

ADP<50%

54
Q

DOAC effects on couagulation tests

A

Dabigatran- aPTT
Rivaroxaban- PT

55
Q

Liberal vs restrictive blood transfusion in MI pts with anemia

A

Numeral but not statistically significant benefit for liberal

56
Q

Factor deficiencies that occur together

A

FV
FVIII

HEM TEST 2024 (32 decks)

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