trachea and oesophagus Flashcards
what is in the root of the neck
subclavian vessels, common carotid, trunks of the brachial plexus (sympathetic trunk, phrenic, vagus, recurrent laryngeal nerves), right thoracic duct , right lymphatic duct, oesophagus and trachea.
what is connected to the trachea superiorly and inferiorly
the larynx superiorly and the main bronchi inferiorly
where does the trachea begin
border of cricoid cartilage / C6
what is the trachea lined by
ciliated columnar epithelium
what is the carina
ridge of cartilage at bottom of trachea, where it splits into right and left bronchi
where is the carina
T5
T4 on expiration
T6 on inspiration
how many rings of hyaline cartilage are there
18-22
what branch of the subclavian artery also gives pharyngeal, tracheal and esophageal branches
thyrocervical trunk
what supplies the cervical trachea
the tracheoesophageal branch of the inferior thyroid artery which is a brach of the thyrocervical trunk
what is the venous drainage of the trachea
inferior thyroid venous plexus
what is the thoracic trachea supplied by
Superior, middle and inferior bronchial arteries arising from the aorta
what is the oesophagus supplied by
Superior, middle and inferior bronchial arteries arising from the aorta
where does a tracheotomy take place
between cricoid cartilage and suprasternal notch
2nd, 3rd and 4 th tracheal rings
where does the oesophagus begin
level of cricoid cartilage
what are the attachments of the oesophagus
Lamina of cricoid cartilage in the cervical region by the cricopharyngeal tendon
Attached to the trachea, pleura and prevertebral fascia by fibrous tissue
Attached to the diaphragm by phrenoesophageal ligament
where is the cervical division of the oesophagus
cricopharyngeus C6 to suprasternal notch
where is the thoracic division of the oesophagus
suprasternal notch to diaphragm
where is the abdominal division of the oesophagus
diaphragm to stomach
what condition results from damage to the oesophagus
GERD causes inflammation, damage and narrowing leading to oesophageal stricture
what is the function of oesophageal sphincters
prevent backflow of food, control rate of food passage, vomiting, and gag reflex
wht is the cervical oesophagus supplied by
inferior thyroid artery
what is the thoracic oesophagus suplied by
the aortic esophageal arteries which are at the terminal branches of the bronchial arteries.
what is the abdominal oesophagus supplied by
left gastric artery and a left phrenic artery branch.
what provides drainage for the distal and proximal segmnets of the oesophagus
azygous vein/system
what provides drainage for the midsection of the oesophagus
auxiliaries of the left gastric vein which branches from the portal vein.
what does the vagus nerve innervate in the oesophagus
The vagus nerve is primarily responsible for the parasympathetic motor functions of the oesophageal muscles i.e. peristalsis.
what does the thoracic and cervical chain nerves innervate in the oesophagus
constitute the sympathetic innervation and serve to assist in the constriction of blood vessels, contractions of the sphincters, muscle wall relaxation, along with gland and peristaltic activity increases.
what forms the only complete cartilaginous ring in the larynx
cricoid
WHERE IS THE OPTIMUM SITE FOR PERFORMING AN EMERGENCY AIRWAY AS A BYSTANDER?
Cricothyroid membrane
