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Anatomy > pharynx > Flashcards

pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

why is C6 a major landmark in neck

A

Lower limit of pharynx
Start of oesophagus
Lower limit of larynx
Start of trachea

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2
Q

where does pharynx end

A

inferior border of cricoid cartilage (vertebral level C6)

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3
Q

name the 4 layers of the pharyngeal wall

A
  1. buccopharyngeal fascia
  2. pharyngobasilar fascia
  3. muscular layer
  4. mucous membrane
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4
Q

what is the function of the Buccopharyngeal fascia

A

covers buccinator muscle

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5
Q

what is the role of the pharyngobasilar fascia

A

supports the pharyngeal mucosa

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6
Q

name the subdivisions of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx (behind nasal cavity)
oropharynx (behind oral cavity)
laryngopharynx/hypopharynx (behind larynx)

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7
Q

what is the function of the nasopharynx

A

connects nose to respiratory system

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8
Q

what is in the nasopharynx

A

eustachian tube and nasopharyngeal tonsil (adenoid)

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9
Q

what is the nasopharyngeal tonsil

A

a collection of lymphoid tissue within the mucosa of the roof of the nasopharynx

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10
Q

what is in the oropharynx

A

Oropharyngeal isthmus/fauces/isthmus of fauces, epiglottic valleculae and palatine tonsil

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11
Q

what is the Oropharyngeal isthmus

A

the opening between the oral cavity and pharynx – it’s margin is the palatoglossal fold

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12
Q

where is the palatine tonsil

A

between palatoglossal fold and palatopharyngeal fold

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13
Q

what is the function of the epiglottis valleculae

A

Collects saliva and prevent the swallowing reflex while a person is supine during sleep

These depressions serve as “spit traps”; saliva is temporarily held in the valleculae to prevent initiation of the swallowing reflex.

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14
Q

what is the epiglottic valleculae

A

paired small mucosa-lined depressions located at the base/just between the root of the tongue and epiglottis and separated by the medial glosso-epiglottic folds.

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15
Q

what is in the hypopharynx

A

piriform sinuses and laryngeal inlet/aditus

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16
Q

what are the piriform sinuses

A

two pear-shaped recesses located on either side of the laryngeal opening, play role in speech

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17
Q

what is the laryngeal inlet

A

entrance from pharynx to cavity of larynx

18
Q

what is laryngopharyngeal reflux

A

caused by acid reflux beyond your esophagus, causing irritation of throat and sinuses and voice disturbance.

19
Q

name the 3 constrictor muscles of the pharynx

A

superior, middle nd inferior constrictor

20
Q

name the 3 longitundinal muscles of the pharynx

A

Salpingopharyngeus, Palatopharyngeus, Stylopharyngeus

21
Q

what is the pharyngeal raphe

A

a fibrous structure from pharyngeal tubercle to lower end of pharynx

22
Q

what is the function of the superior constrictor muscle

A

constricts the upper part of the pharynx, which facilitates swallowing by pushing the bolus inferiorly, into the oesophagus and stomach.

23
Q

where do the constrictor muscles in the phaynx insert

A

pharyngeal raphe

24
Q

what is the function of the constrictor muscles

A

They contract sequentially from superior to inferior to constrict the pharyngeal lumen

25
Q

name the two parts of the inferior constrictor muscle

A

thyropharyngeusand cricopharyngeus

26
Q

what is the function of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

A

To prevent the reflux of foods from the oesophagus into the throat, the cricopharyngeus is usually shut tight. When a person swallows, it relaxes and allows food to pass.

27
Q

where does the superior constrictor muscle attach

A

Pterygomandibular raphe

28
Q

where does the middle constrictor muscle attach

A

Greater cornu of hyoid bone
Lesser cornu of hyoid bone
Stylohyoid ligament

29
Q

where does the inferior constrictor muscle attach

A

Oblique line of thyroid cartilage
Tendinous arch over cricothyroid muscle
Cricoid cartilage

30
Q

what is the function of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

A

elevate the pharynx and larynx during swallowing

31
Q

what is the stylopharyngeus muscle innervated by

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

32
Q

what motor nerve innervates the pharynx

A

the vagus nerve

33
Q

what nerve is the nasopharynx innervated by

A

maxillary nerve

34
Q

what nerve innervates the oropharynx

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

35
Q

what innervates the hypopharynx

A

vagus nerve

36
Q

Pharyngeal diverticulum or pouches occur in an areas of weakness between which muscles

A

Thyropharyngeus and Cricopharyngeus

37
Q

which nerve is involved in the sensory arc of the gag reflex

A

glossopharyngeal

38
Q

what nerves are part of the pharyngeal plexus

A

pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve, branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve and branches of sympathetic trunk

39
Q

what muscle closes the ostium of the auditory tube when swallowing

A

salpingopharyngeus

40
Q

what are all the muscles in the pharynx innervated by (except the stylopharyngeus)

A

the pharyngeal plexus and pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve

Anatomy (16 decks)

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