Larynx

Question 1

what are the functions of the larynx

Answer 1

Phonation (voice box)
Breathing
Role in coughing / expulsion of foreign bodies
Role in swallowing

Question 2

what are the three unpaired midline cartilages of the larynx

Answer 2

thyroid, cricoid and epiglottis

Question 3

what are the three paired cartilages of the larynx

Answer 3

arytenoid, cuneiform, corniculate

Question 4

what is the epiglottis attached to

Answer 4

Thyroid cartilage by elastic thryoepiglottic ligament
Hyoid by elastic hypepiglottic ligament
Arytenoid cartilage by aryepiglottic folds

Question 5

what is the function of the epiglottis

Answer 5

diverts food away from the laryngeal inlet and into lateral food canal

Question 6

what nerve goes through the epiglottis

Answer 6

branches of internal laryngeal nerve

Question 7

what supplies the upper half of the larynx

Answer 7

superior laryngeal artery (accompanies internal laryngeal nerve)

Question 8

what suuplies the lower half of the larynx

Answer 8

inferior laryngeal artery (accompanies recurrent laryngeal nerve)

Question 9

what is attached to the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage

Answer 9

Sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and thyropharyngeus (part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor)

Question 10

what is attached to the inner surface of the thyroid cartilage

Answer 10

The thyroepiglottic ligament, paired vestibular and vocal ligaments, the thyroarytenoid, thyroepiglottic and vocalis muscles AND stalk of epiglottic

Question 11

what attaches the thyroid to the criothryoid

Answer 11

median cricothyroid ligament

Question 12

what is the function of the cricothyroid joint

Answer 12

lengthens vocal cords and alters pitch

Question 13

what is the cricothyroid innervated by

Answer 13

external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

Question 14

what is the function of the cricoarytenoid joint

Answer 14

opes and closes the rima glottidis (opening between vocal folds)

Question 15

what is the function of the extrinsic muscles of the larynx

Answer 15

produce movement of the hyoid bone

Question 16

what are the extrinsic muscles of the larynx

Answer 16

the infrahyoid (sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid) and suprahyoid muscles (stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid)

Question 17

what are the functions of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx

Answer 17

move the vocal cords in order to produce speech sounds

Question 18

name the adductor muscles and their function

Answer 18

lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid
prevent aspiration, closes vocal cords

Question 19

name the abductor muscle and their function

Answer 19

posterior cricoarytenoid
opens vocal cords

Question 20

name the sphincter muscles of the larynx

Answer 20

transverse arytenoid, oblique arytenoid, aryepiglottic

Question 21

what is the function of the cricothyroid muscle

Answer 21

tenses the vocal cords

Question 22

what muscles relax the vocal cords

Answer 22

thyroarytenoid, vocalis

Question 23

describe the layers of the vocal cords

Answer 23

1. outer epithelial layer of cells
2. lamina propria - helps vocal cords move
3. vocalis muscle and thyroarytenoid muscles

Question 24

what ligaments does the quadrangular membrane form

Answer 24

aryepiglottic ligament, median corniculopharyngeal ligament and vestibular ligament

Question 25

what does the cricothyroid membrane form

Answer 25

Median anterior cricothyroid ligament and Conus elasticus

Question 26

what innervates the larynx

Answer 26

Vagus nerve: Superior laryngeal nerves (internal and external), inferior laryngeal nerves

Question 27

what vertrebral level is the cricoid cartilage at

Answer 27

C6

Question 28

what is the mucous membrane of the larynx below the vocal cords innervated by

Answer 28

recurrent laryngeal