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Anatomy > The Ear > Flashcards

The Ear Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three parts of the outer ear (pinna)

A

tragus, helix, lobule

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2
Q

what goes through the external auditory meatus to the ear

A

Auriculotemporal branch of the mandibular nerve (V)
greater auricular (C2,3)
vagus nerve

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3
Q

what does the Auriculotemporal branch of the mandibular nerve (V) innervate in ear

A

sensory supply upper half of outer ear

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4
Q

what innervates the lower half of outer ear

A

greater auricular

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5
Q

what innervates the posterior wall and floor of the outer ear

A

vagus nerve

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6
Q

what is another name for the middle ear

A

tympanic cavity

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7
Q

what are the three ossicles of the middle ear

A

malleus, incus and stapes

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8
Q

what does the eustachian tube connect the middle ear to

A

nasopharynx

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9
Q

what are the two muscles in the middle ear

A

stapedius and tensor tympani

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10
Q

what is on the roof of the middle ear

A

tegmen tympani (petrous part of temporal bone)

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11
Q

what is the floor of the middle ear

A

fundus tympani (jugular wall)

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12
Q

what is in the fundus tympani

A

contains small aperture for the passage of the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve

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13
Q

what is the lateral wall of the middle ear

A

tympanic membrane and canal for chords tympani

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14
Q

what is the anterior wall of the middle ear perforated by

A

tensor tympani muscle and auditory canal

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15
Q

what are the four main structures of the mastoid sinus

A

Aditus ad antrum: Connects epitympanum to mastoid antrum
Mastoid antrum: Large, central mastoid air cell
Körner septum: Part of petrosquamosal suture running posterolaterally through mastoid air cells
Tegmen mastoideum: Roof of mastoid air cells

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16
Q

what is the function of the tympanic membrane

A

Separates the tympanic cavity from the external meatus

sound transmission, and amplification

17
Q

what supplies the tympanic membrane

A

the maxillary artery’s deep auricular branch, the stylomastoid branch of the occipital or the posterior auricular artery and the tympanic branch of the maxillary

18
Q

what drains the tympanic membrane

A

superficial drain to external jugular and deep surface drain partly to transverse sinus and dural veins and partly to venous plexus of eustachian tube.

19
Q

what innervates the tympanic membrane

A

auriculotemporal branch of mandibular nerve, auricular branch of the vagus, tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal and facial nerve.

20
Q

what muscles dampen sound waves

A

tensor tympani and stapedius

21
Q

wha innervates the tensor tympani

A

mandibular nerve

22
Q

what innervates the stapedius

A

facial nerve

23
Q

what can develop if mastoid air cells are infected

A

mastoidtis

24
Q

what is the function of the mastoid air cells

A

protect the delicate structures of the ear, regulate ear pressure and help drain fluid from inner ear

25
Q

which is the first ossicle to reciev vibrations from the tympanic membrane

A

malleus

26
Q

what is in the tympanic plexus

A

Sensory branches of facial nerve
Sensory branches of glossopharyngeal nerve
Nerve of Jacobson
Greater Petrosal Nerve
Gives rise to Lesser petrosal nerve

27
Q

what enters the ear through the internal acoustic meatus

A

facial and vestibulocochlear nerves

28
Q

describe the movement of vibrations through the inner ear

A

As the oval window moves, waves move through the perilymph fluid inside the scala tympani and then the scala vestibuli of the cochlea

When fluid moves through these structures, the basilar membrane (located between the scala media and scala tympani) shifts respectively to the tectorial membrane

29
Q

what is the receptor for sound in the inner ear

A

neuroepithelial cell in the organ of corti

30
Q

what are the two branches of the vestibulocochlear

A

vestibular and cochlear

31
Q

what is the function of the vestibular nerve

A

body balance and eye movements

32
Q

what is the function of the cochlear nerve

A

hearing

33
Q

what are the three sensory systems that contribute to balance

A

visual
Conscious proprioceptive system (sensory ataxia)
Vestibular system (static labyrinth)

34
Q

what is a clinicl perspective in the tympanic membrane

A

Tympanic membrane perforation / ruptured eardrum
This can be caused by infection, trauma, or rapid changes in pressure leading to sudden otalgia, otorrhea, tinnitus, and vertigo.

35
Q

what is glue ear

A

a condition where fluid builds up inside your middle ear and becomes thick and sticky - occurs after cold or ear infection

Anatomy (16 decks)

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