cranial nerves Flashcards
what is CN I
olfactory nerve
what is CN II
optic nerve
what type of nerve is the olfactory
sensory
what type of nerve is CN II
sensory
what type of nerve is CN III
motor
what nerve is CN III
oculomotor
what nerve is CN IV
trochlear
what type of nerve is IV
motor
what nerve is VI
abducens
what type of nerve is the abducens
motor
what nerve is CN V
trigeminal
what type of nerve is V
both
what nerve is CN VII
facial
what type of nerve is CN VII
both
what nerve is CN X
vagus
what type of nerve is CN X
both
what type of nerve is CN VIII
sensory
what nerve is CN VIII
vestibulocochlear
what nerve is IX
glossopharyngeal
what type of nerve is CN IX
both
what type of nerve is CN XI
motor
what nerve is CN XI
accessory
what type of nerve is CN XII
motor
what nerve is CN XII
hypoglossal
what is the function of the olfactory nerve
smell
what is a sign of damage to the olfactory nerve
anosmia - partial or full loss of smell
what does the olfactory nerve innervate
olfactory mucosa
what foramen does the olfactory nerve go through
cribriform foramen - ethmoid bone
what foramen does the optic nerve go through
optic canal - sphenoid bone
what is the function of the optic nerve
sight
innervates retina
what is the function of the oculomotor nerve
eyelid opening, eyeball innervation, pupil constriction
innervates most extrinsic muscles of eye
what is a sign of damage to the oculomotor nerve
ptosis (eyelid droop) , diplopia (double vision)
what foramen does the oculomotor nerve go through
superior orbital fissure - sphenoid bone
what does the trochlear nerve go through
superior orbital fissure
what is the function of the trochlear nerve
eye movement, innervates superior oblique
what is a sign of damage to the trochlear nerve
diplopia (double vision) , eye drifing upwards
what are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve
ophthalmic (sensory) , maxillary (sensory), mandibular (both)
what muscles does the trigeminal nerve innervate
masseter, temporalis, pterygoid, mylohyoid, tensor veli palatini
what foramen does the ophthalmic nerve go through
superior orbital fissure
what foramen does the maxillary nerve go through
rotundum
what foramen does the mandibular nerve go through
ovale
what are the branches of the mandibular nerve
lingual nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, auriculotemporal nerve
what does the inferior alveolar nerve go through
mental foramen
what is the function of the trigeminal nerve
- face, cheeks, lips, jaw, forehed, eyee, eyebrows, nose (forpain, touch etc) (Ophthalmic and maxillary)
- jaw and TMJ
- sensation of deep structures of face, upper mouth, palate, tongue
- shape of mouth
- motor: mastication, jaw closure
- upward/anterior movement of larynx
- backward movement of tongue
- palatal elevation
what are signs of damage to the trigeminal nerve
weak mastication, facial anesthesia, loss of sensation in tongue
what is the function of the abducent nerve
innervation of lateral recutus muscle of eye (side to side)
what foramem does the abducens nerve go through
superior orbital fissure
what is a sign of damage to the abducent nerve
medial eye deviation
what muscles does the facial nerve innervate
obicularis oculi
obicularis oris
zygomatic minor and major
levators
depressors
mentalis
buccinator
platysma
stylohyoid
posterior belly of digastric
what is the function of the facial nerve
facial expression, taste, salivation (submandibular and sublingual), lacrimation, mandibular depression, hyoid elevation
what is a sign of damage to the facial nerve
poor lip seal, dry mouth, loss of taste, reduced hyoid elevation
what are the branches of the facial nerve
temoral, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical
what foramen does the facial nerve go through
internal acoustic meatus (temporal bone)
what foramen does the vestibulocochlear nerve go through
internal acoustic meatus (temporal bone)
what is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve
balance and hearing
what muscles does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate
parotid salivary gland
the oropharynx, carotid body and sinus, posterior 1/3 of the tongue, middle ear cavity and Eustachian tube.
what is a sign of damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve
vertigo
what is a sign of damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve
weak cough reflex, loss of taste and tongue sensation
what is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve
elevation of larynx and pharynx
salvation of parotid gland
taste and sensation of 1/3 posterior tongue
what foramen does the glossopharyngeal nerve go through
jugular foramen
what foramen does the vagus nerve go through
jugular foramen
what muscles does the vagus nerve innervate
muscles of soft palate
pharyngeal constrictors
intrinsic muscles of larynx
msucles of esophagus
what is a sign of damage to the vagus nerve
loss of gag reflex, loss of taste, dysphagia, impaired vocal cords
what is the function of the vagus nerve
sensation of palate, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, epiglottis, taste buds, vocal cords
movement of soft palate, elevation of posterior tongue, movemen of larynx/pharynx
what muscles does the accessory nerve innervate
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
what is the function of the accessory nerve
raises soft palate, narrows and elevates lateral pharyngeal wall
what formaen does the accessory nerve go through
jugular foramen
what foramen does the hypoglossal nerve go through
hypoglossal canal (occipital bone)
what muscles does the hypoglossal nerve innervate
all muscles of tongue and geniohyoid
what is the function of the hypoglossal nerve
all tongue movement, depresses mandible and elevates hyoid bone
what is a sign of damage to the hypoglossal nerve
weak tongue
If the facial nerve (VII) is injured just proximal to the origin of the chorda tympani nerve, the patient would experience which symptoms
loss of taste sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
decreased saliva from the submandibular salivary gland
