Toxins and Antidotes Flashcards
What Toxic syndrome is caused by ATROPINE?
Anticholinergic Syndrome
What is the treatment of Anticholinergic Syndrome?
Physostigmine
What enzyme does Physostigmine inhibit?
ACTH-esterase
What toxic syndrome is caused by COCAINE?
Sympathomimetic Syndromes
What is the treatment for cocaine-induced ventricular fibrillation from Sympathomimetic Syndromes?
Lidocaine
What toxic syndrome is caused by HEROIN (narcotics)?
Opiates
What Toxic syndrome is caused by ALCOHOL (Barbiturates, benzodiazepines, ethanol)?
Non-Opiates
What Toxic syndrome is caused by INSECTICIDES?
Cholinergic Syndrome
What is the treatment used for Cholinergic Syndrome (Insecticides)?
Atropine - for both carbamate and organophosphate
Pralidoxime - for only organophosphate
What other insecticide does organophosphate insecticides share the same MOA?
carbamate insecticides
Who is at the highest risk for exposure to insecticides?
Agricultural workers
What specific signs does Overstimulation of muscarinic receptors gives rise to?
SLUDD signs of Organophosphate/Carbamate poisoning
What is Death in acute poisonings frequently due to?
respiratory failure
What is a wood alcohol and found in windshield washer solvent for cars and also in mixed solvents (paint removers)?
Methanol
What is the more common form of inorganic lead poisoning (plumbism), acute or chronic? Signs include peripheral neuropathy (wrist-drop is characteristic), anorexia, anemia, tremor, weight loss, and gastrointestinal symptoms?
Chronic
What metal poisoning causes “rice-water” stools with a sweet, garlicky odor that may be detected in the breath and the stools?
Acute arsenic poisoning
What causes skin changes, hair loss, bone marrow depression and anemia, and chronic nausea and gastrointestinal disturbances?
Chronic arsenic poisoning
What is the treatment for both acute and chronic arsenic poisoning?
Dimercaprol
What is the chelating agent of choice for iron poisoning?
Deferoxamine
What drug is used in acute arsenic and mercury poisoning and, in combination with EDTA, for lead poisoning?
Dimercaprol
What is the primary treatment of lead poisoning?
EDTA
What is used for the oral treatment of lead toxicity in children and adults?
Succimer
What is used in the treatment of copper poisoning and Wilson’s disease?
Penicillamine
What is used for treatment of iron overload?
Deferoxamine
