Heart Failure Treatment

Question 1

What stage of heart failure for patients are at high risk because of other disease but have no signs or symptoms of heart failure?

Answer 1

Stage A

Question 2

What stage of heart failure for patients have evidence of structural heart disease but no symptoms of heart failure?

Answer 2

Stage B

Question 3

What stage of heart failure for patients have structural heart disease and symptoms of failure, and symptoms are responsive to ordinary therapy?

Answer 3

Stage C

Question 4

What stage of heart failure for patients have heart failure refractory to ordinary therapy, and special interventions (resynchronization therapy, transplant) are required?

Answer 4

Stage D

Question 5

One stage C is reached, what class of heart failure Is associated with no limitations on ordinary activities, and symptoms that occur only with greater than ordinary exercise?

Answer 5

Class 1

Question 6

One stage C is reached, what class of heart failure Is characterized by slight limitation of activities, and results in fatigue and palpitations with ordinary physical activities?

Answer 6

Class 2

Question 7

One stage C is reached, what class of heart failure Results in no symptoms at rest, but fatigue, shortness of breath, and tachycardia occur with less than ordinary physical activity?

Answer 7

Class 3

Question 8

One stage C is reached, what class of heart failure Is associated with symptoms even when the patient is at rest?

Answer 8

Class 4

Question 9

What should acute heart failure be treated with?

Answer 9

Loop diuretics

Question 10

What should chronic heart failure be treated with?

Answer 10

diuretics plus ACE inhibitors

Question 11

What was the prototypic drug in treating CHF?

Answer 11

Digoxin

Question 12

Does Digoxin have a low or high therapeutic index?

Answer 12

Low Therapeutic index

Question 13

What are synergistic with respects to toxicity?

Answer 13

Plasma calcium and digitalis glycosides

Question 14

What are antagonistic with respects to toxicity?

Answer 14

Plasma potassium and digitalis glycosides

Question 15

What kind of drugs are used to treat severe refractory CHF cases or after tolerance develops with beta-agonists mentioned?

Answer 15

Bipyridines

Question 16

What drug is a synthetic catecholamine and only given IV in intensive care to treat severe refractory CHF?

Answer 16

Dobutamine

Question 17

What drug is an endogenous catecholamine and Only given IV in intensive care to treat severe refractory CHF?

Answer 17

Dopamine

Question 18

What kind of drugs are the first-line therapies for chronic heart failure?

Answer 18

not positive inotropic drugs

Question 19

What are examples of not positive inotropic drugs?

Answer 19

Diuretics, ACE inhibitors and beta blockers

Question 20

What major mechanism of action in heart failure is to reduce venous pressure and ventricular preload. This results in reduction of salt and water retention and edema and its symptoms?

Answer 20

Diuretics

Question 21

What diuretic decreases morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure who are also receiving ACE inhibitors and other standard therapy?

Answer 21

Spironolactone

Question 22

What type of drugs reduce peripheral resistance and thereby reduce afterload and reduce salt and water retention (by reducing aldosterone secretion) and in that way reduce preload and reduce the long-term remodeling of the heart and vessels?

Answer 22

ACE inhibitors

Question 23

What organ must ACE inhibitors be activated by?

Answer 23

Liver

Question 24

What is the most common side effect for ACE inhibitors?

Answer 24

Non-productive cough

Question 25

What kind of heart failure are Vasodilators effective at?

Answer 25

Acute HF

Question 26

What 2 Vasodilators are used for primary preload reduction?

Answer 26

Nitroglycerin

Isosorbide Dinitrate

Question 27

What Vasodilators are used for primary afterload reduction?

Answer 27

Hydralazine

Question 28

What Vasodilators are used for Preload and Afterload reduction?

Answer 28

Nitroprusside

Question 29

What drug is effective in both systolic and diastolic failure?

Answer 29

Nebivolol