Heart Failure Treatment Flashcards
What stage of heart failure for patients are at high risk because of other disease but have no signs or symptoms of heart failure?
Stage A
What stage of heart failure for patients have evidence of structural heart disease but no symptoms of heart failure?
Stage B
What stage of heart failure for patients have structural heart disease and symptoms of failure, and symptoms are responsive to ordinary therapy?
Stage C
What stage of heart failure for patients have heart failure refractory to ordinary therapy, and special interventions (resynchronization therapy, transplant) are required?
Stage D
One stage C is reached, what class of heart failure Is associated with no limitations on ordinary activities, and symptoms that occur only with greater than ordinary exercise?
Class 1
One stage C is reached, what class of heart failure Is characterized by slight limitation of activities, and results in fatigue and palpitations with ordinary physical activities?
Class 2
One stage C is reached, what class of heart failure Results in no symptoms at rest, but fatigue, shortness of breath, and tachycardia occur with less than ordinary physical activity?
Class 3
One stage C is reached, what class of heart failure Is associated with symptoms even when the patient is at rest?
Class 4
What should acute heart failure be treated with?
Loop diuretics
What should chronic heart failure be treated with?
diuretics plus ACE inhibitors
What was the prototypic drug in treating CHF?
Digoxin
Does Digoxin have a low or high therapeutic index?
Low Therapeutic index
What are synergistic with respects to toxicity?
Plasma calcium and digitalis glycosides
What are antagonistic with respects to toxicity?
Plasma potassium and digitalis glycosides
What kind of drugs are used to treat severe refractory CHF cases or after tolerance develops with beta-agonists mentioned?
Bipyridines
What drug is a synthetic catecholamine and only given IV in intensive care to treat severe refractory CHF?
Dobutamine
What drug is an endogenous catecholamine and Only given IV in intensive care to treat severe refractory CHF?
Dopamine
What kind of drugs are the first-line therapies for chronic heart failure?
not positive inotropic drugs
What are examples of not positive inotropic drugs?
Diuretics, ACE inhibitors and beta blockers
What major mechanism of action in heart failure is to reduce venous pressure and ventricular preload. This results in reduction of salt and water retention and edema and its symptoms?
Diuretics
What diuretic decreases morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure who are also receiving ACE inhibitors and other standard therapy?
Spironolactone
What type of drugs reduce peripheral resistance and thereby reduce afterload and reduce salt and water retention (by reducing aldosterone secretion) and in that way reduce preload and reduce the long-term remodeling of the heart and vessels?
ACE inhibitors
What organ must ACE inhibitors be activated by?
Liver
What is the most common side effect for ACE inhibitors?
Non-productive cough
