Diabetes Flashcards
What is the minimum blood glucose level before the patient is known to have hypoglycemia?
70mg/dL
What blood glucose level is “clinically significant” hypoglycemia?
54mg/dL
For an individual with 70mg/dL of blood glucose, how many grams of glucose should be given?
15-20g
Patients who develop hypoglycemia while taking alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (e.g., acarbose) must treat hypoglycemic episodes with what?
glucose
What is The Rule of 15 for hypoglycemics?
take 15 grams of glucose and retest in 15 minutes
What is only given to an unconscious, unresponsive, or confused patient who cannot or will not consume oral carbohydrates?
Glucagon
What 2 things can hyperglycemia lead to?
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)
Which occurs in patients with an absolute or relative insulin deficiency (DM Type 1)?
DKA
Which occurs in patients with type 2 diabetes who still produce some insulin?
HHS
What is a chronic condition associated with a delayed emptying of food from the stomach?
gastroparesis
What is used to treat gastroparesis?
Prokinetic agents
What are the 3 main mechanisms of Prokinetic agents?
Dopamine receptor blocking
Motilin receptor activity
And 5-HT4 serotonin receptor activity
What is the only FDA-approved medication for gastroparesis?
Metoclopramide
What is the most common side effect of Metoclopramide?
acute dystonic reactions (muscle spasms usually involving the head or neck)
What antibiotic stimulates gastric emptying in patients with gastroparesis by acting on motilin receptors in the gut but doesn’t have a direct antiemetic effect?
Erythromycin
