Anticancer Flashcards
What indication of chemotherapy is the primary treatment for many hematologic cancers and for advanced solid tumors for which no alternative treatment exists?
Primary induction chemo
What indication of chemotherapy serves as an important adjuvant to local treatment procedures such as radiation or surgery?
Adjuvant chemotherapy
What indication of chemotherapy is given prior to the surgical procedure in an attempt to shrink the cancer?
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
What indication of chemotherapy is given in lower doses to assist in prolonging a remission?
Maintenance chemotherapy
What type of chemotherapeutic agents are effective only against replicating cells (cells that are dividing)?
Cell cycle specific
What type of chemotherapeutic agents are generally more toxic in cycling cells and are also useful against tumors that have a low percentage of replicating cells?
Cell cycle nonspecific
What is it called when a given dose of drug destroys a constant fraction of cells rather than a number of cells and kills a fixed percentage of tumor cells to not a fixed number?
Log Kill Phenomenon
T/F: Combination drug chemotherapy is more successful than single-drug treatment in most of the cancers for which chemotherapy is effective
True
What type of drugs are combined at full doses?
Cytotoxic agents with qualitatively different toxicities and different molecular sites/MOAs
Which type of drugs are combined safely only by reducing the doses of each?
agents with similar dose-limiting toxicities
What is the therapeutic index of most anticancer drugs?
narrow
What drug has adverse effects such as mucositis, alopecia, myelosuppression, and even renal damage?
Methotrexate
What is activated to toxic nucleotides that inhibit several enzymes involved in purine metabolism and is widely distributed throughout the body except the CSF?
6-MP
What enzyme metabolizes 6-MP and where?
xanthine oxidase in the liver
What is the Adverse drug reaction to 6-MP
Bone marrow suppression
What anti-cancer drug’s MOA is to inhibit thymidylate synthase and leads to thymineless death of cells and also inhibits DNA synthesis and function and RNA processing and function?
5-FU (5-Fluorouracil)
What intercalates between DNA base pairs, inhibit topoisomerase II, and generate free radicals and block the synthesis of RNA and DNA and cause DNA strand scission?
Anthracyclines Antibiotics
What is the most severe ADR of Anthracyclines Antibiotics?
Cardiotoxicity
What alkylating agent ADR is Hemorrhagic cystitis along with Cardiac dysfunction and pulmonary toxicity?
Cyclophosphamide
What alkylating agent ADR is Neurotoxic ( peripheral neuritis and acoustic nerve damage) and Nephrotoxic
(renal damage)?
Cisplatin
What natural product’s ADR can cause neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and a high incidence of peripheral neuropathy?
Paclitaxel
What anti-inflammatory corticosteroid is primarily employed to induce remission in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia and in the treatment of both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas and is used along with chemo agents (not by itself?
Prednisone
What steroid agent is used for first-line therapy in the treatment of estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer and is used prophylactically in reducing breast cancer occurrence in women who are at high risk?
Tamoxifen
What are the ADRs of Tamoxifen?
vaginal bleeding and discharge, hypercalcemia, increased pain if the tumor has metastasized to bone
