Toxicology

Question 1

Which antidote is used for acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose?

A) Atropine
B) N-Acetylcysteine
C) Naloxone
D) Flumazenil

Answer 1

N-Acetylcysteine

Question 2

Which of the following symptoms is most indicative of opioid overdose?

A) Dilated pupils
B) Hypertension
C) Respiratory depression
D) Hyperactivity

Answer 2

Respiratory depression

Question 3

What is the mechanism of action of activated charcoal in poisoning cases?

A) Neutralizes the toxin
B) Induces vomiting
C) Binds to the toxin and prevents absorption
D) Increases urine output

Answer 3

Binds to the toxin and prevents absorption

Question 4

Which of the following substances is most likely to cause metabolic acidosis with an elevated anion gap?

A) Ethanol
B) Isopropanol
C) Methanol
D) Acetone

Answer 4

Methanol

Question 5

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of organophosphate poisoning?

A. Dry mouth
B) Mydriasis (dilated pupils)
C) Muscle fasciculations
D) Hyperthermia

Answer 5

Muscle fasciculations

Question 6

What is the primary treatment for benzodiazepine overdose?

A) Flumazenil
B) N-Acetylcysteine
C) Atropine
D) Ethanol

Answer 6

Flumazenil

Question 7

Which of the following is an early symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning?

A) Skin rash
B) Headache
C) Nausea
D) Diarrhea

Answer 7

Headache

Question 8

Which of the following agents can cause “garlic breath” as a symptom of toxicity?

A) Cyanide
B) Arsenic
C) Methanol
D) Lead

Answer 8

Arsenic

Question 9

What is the most effective way to prevent lead poisoning in children?

A) Regular blood tests
B) Chelation therapy
C) Removal of lead-based paints
D) Vitamin supplements

Answer 9

Removal of lead-based paints

Question 9

Which heavy metal is chelated by the drug dimercaprol (BAL)?

A) Lead
B) Mercury
C) Arsenic
D) Cadmium

Answer 9

Arsenic

Question 10

Which of the following drugs is used to treat cyanide poisoning?

A) Atropine
B) Sodium thiosulfate
C) Naloxone
D) Deferoxamine

Answer 10

Sodium thiosulfate

Question 10

What is the toxic metabolite responsible for the harmful effects of methanol ingestion?

A) Formaldehyde
B) Acetone
C) Ethylene glycol
D) Acetaldehyde

Answer 10

Formaldehyde

Question 11

Which of the following is an antidote for iron overdose?

A) Deferoxamine
B) Penicillamine
C) EDTA
D) Atropine

Answer 11

Deferoxamine

Question 12

Which of the following is the most common cause of death in tricyclic antidepressant overdose?

A) Hepatic failure
B) Cardiac arrhythmia
C) Seizures
D) Respiratory depression

Answer 12

Cardiac arrhythmia

Question 13

Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of salicylate (aspirin) toxicity?

A) Hypothermia
B) Hyperglycemia
C) Tachypnea
D) Bradycardia

Answer 13

Tachypnea

Question 13

Which of the following agents is used to treat methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning?

A) Ethanol
B) Naloxone
C) Atropine
D) Flumazenil

Answer 13

Ethanol

Question 14

What is the primary mechanism of toxicity in cyanide poisoning?

A) Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
B) Inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase
C) Blockage of GABA receptors
D) Induction of oxidative stress

Answer 14

Inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase

Question 14

Which of the following antidotes is used for digoxin toxicity?

A) Protamine sulfate
B) Digibind
C) Calcium gluconate
D) Methylene blue

Answer 14

Digibind

Question 15

Which of the following symptoms is commonly seen in patients with lead poisoning?

A) Peripheral neuropathy
B) Central cyanosis
C) Alopecia
D) Hyperactivity

Answer 15

Peripheral neuropathy

Question 16

Which of the following substances can cause methemoglobinemia?

A) Aniline dyes
B) Benzene
C) Ethanol
D) Methanol

Answer 16

Aniline dyes