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PreBoards > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

It describes the actions of a drug on the body
and the influence of drug concentrations on the
magnitude of the response

A

Pharmacodynamics

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2
Q

It act as signals

A

Drugs

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3
Q

It act as signal detectors

A

Receptor

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4
Q

It is responsible for selectivity of
drug action

A

Receptor

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5
Q

Receptors mediate the actions of pharmacologic __ and ___

A

Agonists and
antagonists

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6
Q

What does the Agonist do to the ureter? It acts as…

A

Diuretic

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7
Q

What does the Antagonist do to the ureter? It acts as…

A

Antidiuretic

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8
Q

What does Inverse Agonist do to the brain?

A

Depress CNS

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9
Q

What does Inverse Agonist do to the brain?

A

Stimulating the
negative response

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10
Q

Gs activates what?

A

Adenylyl cyclase

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11
Q

Gs increases what?

A

Increase cAMP

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12
Q

Gi inhibits what?

A

Adenylyl cyclase

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13
Q

Gi decreases what ?

A

cAMP

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14
Q

Gq activates…

A

Phospholipase C

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15
Q

Gq increases…

A

IP3, DAG, and Calcium

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16
Q

What is cAMP?

A

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

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17
Q

What is DAG?

A

diacylglycerol

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18
Q

What is IP3?

A

Inositol triphosphate

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19
Q

De-phosporylation results to…

A

Relaxation

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20
Q

Actions of effector molecules

A

Interplay among signaling
mechanisms

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21
Q

powerfully amplifies the initial regulatory signal by recording a molecular memory that the pathway has been activated

A

Phosphorylation

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22
Q

erases the memory, taking a longer time to do so than is required for dissociation of an allosteric ligand

A

De-phosphorylation

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23
Q

It is a measure of the amount of drug necessary to produce an effect of a given
magnitude

A

Potency

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24
Q

The concentration of drug producing 50% of the maximum effect (EC50) is usually used to determine potency

A

EC50

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25
Q

magnitude of response a drug causes when it interacts with a receptor

A

Efficacy

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26
Q

dependent on the number of drug–receptor complexes formed and the intrinsic activity of the drug

A

Efficacy

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27
Q

ability to activate the receptor and cause a cellular response

A

Intrinsic activity

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28
Q

refers to the movement of drug into, through, and out of the body

A

Pharmacokinetics

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29
Q

Transfer of a drug from the site of administration to the bloodstream

A

Absorption

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29
Q

ADME

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

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30
Q

Absorption of acidic drugs occur in the…

A

Stomach

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31
Q

Absorption of basic drugs occur in the…

A

Small intestine

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32
Q

LUNA

A

Lipophilic
Nonpolar
Unionized
Absorption

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33
Q

Ionized Drugs are..

A

Water Soluble and Polar

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33
Q

The process in which an atom/molecule acquires a positive/negative charge by losing or gaining electrons

A

Ionization

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34
Q

Unionized Drugs

A

Lipid soluble and Nonpolar

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35
Q

the adding of a proton

A

Protonation

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36
Q

Form if pH is less than pKa

A

drugs are in protonated forms

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37
Q

Acidic protonated drugs are found in what organ?

A

Stomach

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38
Q

Form if pH is greater than pKa

A

drugs are in deprotonated forms

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39
Q

High vascularized organs (3)

A

Brain, Heart, and Liver

40
Q

Factors affecting Distribution

A

Capillary Permeability
Protein Binding
Lipohilicity

41
Q

Basic deprotonated drugs are found in what organ?

A

Small intestine

42
Q

actors affecting Distribution

A

Volume of Distribution

43
Q

Types of Capillaries

A

Continuous, Fenestrated and Discontinuous

44
Q

Continuous

A

Fat
muscle
nervous system

45
Q

Fenestrated

A

Kidney glomeruli
intestinal villi
endocrine glands

46
Q

Discontinuous

A

Liver
bone marrow
spleen

47
Q

Drugs should be ___ enough to pass

A

Small

48
Q

Protein Binding results to

A

Inhibition of distribution

49
Q

Lipophilic drugs can…

A

Readily cross membranes
Blood flow affects its
distribution

50
Q

Formula in determining Volume of Distribution

A

Vd = dose/Plasma conc.

51
Q

Hydrophilic drugs do not readily ______

A

Penetrate membranes

52
Q

What happens to the concentration in the tissue if the Vd is high

A

Increases

53
Q

Effect of Vd on Drug half life

A

Increase Vd = Increase half life

54
Q

Goal of Metabolism

A

to degrade and water solubility

55
Q

What happens to the metabolism of the drug if it binds with CYP450

A

Degrades

56
Q

What are the 2 phases of Metabolism

A

Phase 1: Functionalization
Phase 2: Conjugation

57
Q

Reactions that occurs in Phase 1

A

Oxidation
Reduction
Hydrolysis

58
Q

Reactions that occurs in Phase 2

A

Glucuronidation
Sulfation
Methylation
Acetylation
GSH conjugation
Glycine conjugation

59
Q

7 Enzyme Inducers

A

Carbamazepine
Rifampicin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas

60
Q

12 Enzyme Inhibitors

A

Sodium valproate
Isoniazid
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole
Fluconazole
Alcohol & grapefruit juice
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Sulfonamides
Ciprofloxacin
Omeprazole
Metronidazole

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