TOXICOLOGY Flashcards
What are the Mechanical Antidotes? (2)
- Gastric lavage
- Emetic
- Stomach pumping
- For patients with diminished GAG REFLEX
- Used following massive ingestion of poison
- Contraindications
- Caustic poisons
- Combative patients
Gastric lavage
- Use of Ipecac Syrup
- Effective only if given within 1-2 hours
- Emesis may lead to aspiration
- pneumonia
- Contraindications:
- Caustic poisons
- Unconscious patients
Emetic
Wilson’s Disease
Cu
Mee’s Line
Ar
Minamata Disease
Hg
Hemochromatosis
Fe
Shaver’s Disease
Al
Chelator use for:
As, Hg, Pb, Sb, Au
BAL (Dimercaprol)
Chelator use for:
Pb, Mn Zn
CaNa2EDTA
Chelator use for:
Fe, Al
Deferoxamine
Chelator use for:
Cu, Pb, Hg
Penicillamine
Chelator use for:
Pb, As, Hg
Succimer
Antidote for Opioids (e.g. morphine, heroin)
Naloxone
Antidote for Methanol (also ethylene glycol)
Ethanol
Antidote for Organophosphates (e.g. Malathion and Parathion)
Atropine, Pralidoxime
Antidote for Physostigmine
Atropine
Antidote for Paracetamol
N-acetyl-cysteine
Antidote for Theophylline
Seizure (Diazepam)
Cardiotoxic Arrhythmia (Esmolol)
or Esmolol
Antidote for Tricyclic anti-depressants
NaHCO3
Antidote for Warfarin
Vit. K1
Antidote for Heparin
Protamine Sulfate
Antidote for Isoniazid
Pyridoxine=Vit. B6
Antidote for Digoxin
Digibind
Digoxin Immune FAB
Antidote for Benzodiazepines (e.g. Diazepam),
Z-drugs
Flumazenil
Antidote for Salicylates
NaHCO3
Antidote for Insulin and Beta-blockers
Glucagon
Antidote for Carbon monoxide
Oxygen therapy
Antidote for Cyanide
Hydroxycobalamin (or Vit. B12)
Antidote for Nitrates (Nitrobenze)
Methylene blue
Antidote for Iron
Deferoxamine