Toxicology Flashcards
Study of Poisons
Toxicology
EXOGENOUS agents produced by has effect on LIVING ORGANISM from chemical esposure, antibiotics and antidepressants
XENOBIOTICS
EXOGENOUS agents with effects on the BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM
POISON
ENDOGENOUS agents synthesized by the acquired biological agent which have effect on the BODY/INSIDE THE CELL.
TOXINS
Substances that are NOT produced by living cells but more commonly by ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS
Toxicant
True or False. ABSORPTION of toxins is NEEDED to reach GI tract first to produce SYSTEMIC EFFECT
True.
True or False. Toxins preferred IONIZED species because they can diffuse passively
False. Toxins preferred NON-IONIZED species because they can diffuse passively.
True or False (Morse). The faster the gastrointestinal motility, the faster the passage of the toxin. The SLOWER the motility, LESSER/FEWER the toxin is absorbed which is less dangerous.
1st statement: TRUE
2nd statement: FALSE
A: SLOWER the motility, the MORE the toxin is absorbed which is MORE DANGEROUS.
Implies to the relationship with an INCREASE TOXICITY response as the DOSE IS INCREASED
Dose-response relationship
Predicted dose to produce a TOXIC RESPONSE in 50% population
TD50 (Toxic Dose)
Predicted dose to result in DEATH/KILL of 50% population
LD50 (Lethal Dose)
Predicted dose that can TREAT/EFFECTIVE at 50% population
ED50 (Therapeutic Dose)
Specimen tube for Toxicology and Trace Element testing
Royal Blue Top Tube
Tube for Lead Testing Determination
Tan/Light Brown Tube
Reference Method for Toxicology in detecting Organic compounds
Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS)
Analytical process which sgould be seprated by GC that would involve FRAGMENTATION and IONIZATION OF MOLECULES
Mass Spectrophotometry
This SEPARATE sample into its INDIVIDUAL chemical components, usually with volatile compounds and steroids
Gas Chromatography
A common CNS depressants, causing disorientation, euphoria and confusion
Alcohol
Toxic Metabolite of ETHANOL
Acetaldehyde
Toxic Substance of METHANOL
Formic Acid
Unique signs and symptoms of Methanol due to formation of Formic acid
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
OPTIC NEUROPATHY
Rubbing Alcohol
Isopropanol
Toxic Substance of ISOPROPANOL
Acetone
Unique signs and symptoms of ETHYLENE GLYCOL
Deposition of Calcium Oxalate Crystals
Renal Tubular Acidosis and Stones
Production of Oxalic Acid that further result to Calcium Oxalate
Ethylene Glycol
Disinfectant used in Alcohol Testing
Benzaldehyde/Benzalkonium chloride
Anticoagulant of choice for storage of alcohol
Sodium Fluoride
Reference Method of ETHANOL determination
Gas Chromatography (GC)
Carbon monoxide intoxication produces what Hb variant?
Carboxyhemoglobin
Unique characteristic of Carbon monoxide poisoning
Cherry Red appearance
It produces cyanide toxicity once it binds to what Hb structure and substances?
Cyanide binds to HEME IRON and IRON-BINDING substance
A SUPER TOXIC substance from insecticides, rodenticides
Cyanide
Unique effect of Cyanide toxicity
ODOR OF BITTER ALMONDS/GARLIC BREAD ODOR
Identify:
Common homicide and suicide agent
High affinity to KERATIN
Arsenic
True or False. INGESTION of Arsine gas demonstrates MOST ACUTE toxicity
False. INHALATION of arsine gas demonstrates the most acute
toxicity.
Unique effect of Arsenic in long term exposure
MEE’S LINES
True or False. ALL Metal detection is evaluated by ION SPECIFIC ELECTRODE
False. ALL Metal detection is evaluated by ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY (AAS)
Cadmium Characteristics
Used in:
Electroplating and Galvanizing
Pigment found in Paints and Plastics
Significant environmental pollutant
Unique effect of Cadmium toxicity
ITAI-ITAI
Disease characterized by severe OSTEOMALACIA and OSTEOPOROSIS from long term CADMIUM-CONTAMINATED RICE
Itai-Itai